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Information session Klondaik

Information session Klondaik. Overview european heating market. Comfort cooling. Heating demand. Market. Sanitary. High temp. Low temp. Residential - New build - Renovation. 4.7 mln (2004e). 3,3 mln (2004e). A/C products Split Sky air. 64 158 (2003).

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Information session Klondaik

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  1. Information session Klondaik

  2. Overview european heating market Comfort cooling Heating demand Market Sanitary High temp. Low temp. Residential - New build - Renovation 4.7 mln (2004e) 3,3 mln (2004e) • A/C products • Split • Sky air 64 158 (2003) Applications (no units) • Boilers • gas • Oil HPs: - Air/water - Ground/water - Exh / water Main European countries Commercial - New build - Renovation • A/C products • Sky air • VRV • Chillers 34 877 (2003) unknown unknown Applications (no units) Main European countries TOTAL 101 480 (2003)

  3. Overview european heating market Heating market (sales) Boilers HPs 101 480 8 million (including Russia) Market size Main European countries (2004) Growth : + 18% • HPs • Steady growth in Europe : 1997 – 2004 annual increase in volume sales  between 10% & 27%40 000 units in 1997 to 104 000 in 2003 • Potential for replacing oil fired jet burner boilers • Enhancing interest for HPs due to: increasing energy costs and the need to meet CO2 emission targets • Meant to be a straight replacement for a boiler • - Main Opportunities – grants, improved insulation of houses. • Boilers: • in decline in nearly all boiler markets • Reason: • other products take the market share • price of fossile fuels increase significantly • perceived as not environmental friendly • few first time installations

  4. Overview HP’s Sanitary Hot Water Heat Sources Heat Pump Heat Emitters Under-floor Heating Storage “Geothermal” Source +35°C to 65°C -15°C to +10°C Radiators “Water” Source Fan coil units Residential Heating Pump Pump or Fan Residential Cooling Air

  5. Benefits of floor heating Central heating systems based on water contributes to a healthy indoor environment and good temperature comfort When it is warmer along the floor than along the ceiling the temperature feels comfortable With floor heating the room temperature can be reduced by 2°C

  6. Low temperature heating system MORE THAN EXPECTED sanitary cooling heating

  7. General layout Sanitary hot water tank System controls Indoor hydro box Outdoor unit

  8. Outdoor unit 230V 1Ph 50Hz (16A* fuses) Hermetic inverter swing compressor Floating setpoint Night silent mode (-3dBA) 735 300 825 *20A fuses for ERYQ007 **Indicative at Eurovent conditions

  9. Hydrobox ***Option code for back up heater

  10. Hydrobox (inside view) Wall hanging Expansion vessel (10l) Air vent Electric back up heater Pump Switchbox Flow switch Plate H/E – condensate free Safety valve User interface Manometer Filter Strainer LWT Sensor

  11. Hydrobox(2 versions) Heating & cooling Model Heating Only Model Market Cooling Combination Heating Residential - New build - Renovation France Nordic countries Italy, Spain Reversible Model

  12. Electric back up heater Capacity and power supply options - All capacity and power supply options for the back up heater can be fitted in both the reversible and heating only model of the hydrobox *Not foreseen in countries with ambient temperatures below -15°C

  13. Pump Manufactured by Wilo 3 speed settings Speed set at installation for the highest pressure drop of the loop. Maximum ESP 40kPa Calculation of water flow for ΔT of 5°C (between leaving and return)

  14. Remote controller functions • Basic: • ON/OFF • Space heating operation • Space cooling operation • Sanitary heating operation • Silent mode operation • Temperature setpoint adjustment BRC1D528 • Schedule timer: • The schedule timer allows the user to schedule operation of the installation according to a day or week program • Program a maximum of 5 actions per day. • Switch on the installation at a scheduled time, in combination with a set point • temperature for for space heating/cooling program. • Switch on the installation at a scheduled time for sanitary heating program, booster • heater program or silent mode program. • Switch off the installation

  15. Sanitary tank

  16. Daikin sanitary tank • Heat pump and booster heater operate simultaneously ; except when the set point is reached. • The electric heater does not heat the heat exchanger. • Maximizes the use of the heatpump • CONSEQUENCE : • Optimized energy consumption 65 °C El. heater Sensor Water 55°C 50 °C Return water

  17. Sanitary water heating by source Sanitary water temperature 80°C 65°C 55°C 70% by heatpump 30% by booster heater* 70% 30% Load coverage *Based on field test in Norway

  18. Emitters Heating Floor heating with water temperatures between 25 - 40°C Radiators with water temperatures between 40 - 55°C Fan coil units with water temperatures between 40 - 55°C Optional cooling Fan coil units with water temperatures down to 4°C Floor loops with water temperatures down to 18°C* *water temperature must be set above dew point temperature to avoid condensation on the floors.

  19. Floor heating Layout (3rd party supply) Pre dimension floor loops The pipes are installed with variable distances in each room to emit a certain amount of heat. Each room is designed in relation to each other for a certain temperature. Not possible to control the temperature separately in each room. Important that the dimensioning is done correctly.

  20. Daikin fan coil units Surface models Concealed models Ducted models Low wall unit(Floor standing) Concealed ceiling(L ESP) Ducted concealed ceiling (H ESP) V M D Ducted concealed ceiling (M ESP) Floor standing/Ceiling Suspended L B Use capacity tables in heating for range: 45-40°C

  21. Operation range Water temperature (°C) System Altherma is designed to operate all year round and provide Heating Sanitary hot water Cooling under all ambient conditions 55°C HEATING MODE H/P 40 30 25°C 20°C COOLING MODE H/P 10 4°C 0 -10 -20 Ambient temperature (°C) -30 -15°C 43°C 10°C 30 -20°C -10 0 Never without backup heater

  22. Power wiring Separate power supply for back up heater and booster heater PCB Pump Controls Water valves +++ 230V-1Ph-50Hz or Booster heater 230V–1Ph–50Hz 3/N-400/230V-50Hz Power supply outdoor unit 230V–1Ph–50Hz

  23. Piping limitations(preliminary info) Max height= 20 m H2O Total piping length= 1,5 to 30 m Maximum distance = 10 m(Hydrokit  sanitary water tank)(Hydrokit  3-way valve)

  24. PCB General control layout In summary : -Main inputs :Ta (OU),Tl (Hydrobox), Tsww (sanitary tank) -Calculation of fixed temperature or floating set point. -Main outputs to :Inverter compressorBack-up heaterBooster heater3-way valve

  25. Control strategy floor heating – 1) fixed set point Tindoor = 22°C Heat transfer from floor heating depending on temperature difference (floor / indoor) Tfloor = 25°C Tlwc = 35-40°C Heat transfer (W/m2) Tfloor – Tindoor (°C) Fixed Tlwc set point  whatever the outdoor conditionsCONSEQUENCE : more variable indoor temperature.

  26. Control strategy floor heating – 2) Floating set point Measured Ta input Calculation floating set point Tlwc Target TLwc input Measured actual Tlwc ΔT Ta The bigger the ΔT(target – actual Tlwc), the higher compressor frequency.

  27. Sophisticated controls Compressor frequency versus ΔT setpoint and leaving water temperature Water temperature setpoint Leaving water temperature Compressor frequency Ambient temperature Principle drawing; actual control will be much more accurate!

  28. Improved comfort – floating setpoint Tlwc Tf = 30°C 38°C Example, not fixed temperatures Tlwc target Tf = 22°C 25°C 5°C Tambient -10°C 17°C Floor temperature (Tf) Discomfort Comfort 30°C 22°C 27°C By using the floating setpoint control, Tf is kept as low as possible

  29. Shifting of floating setpoint curve Set_T1(Tlwc °C) 55°C Lo_T1 Hi_T1 25°C Lo_A Hi_A Ambient outdoor(Ta °C) -20°C 5°C 10°C 20°C

  30. Heat pump process Heat emitted from the condenser COP = Compressor work Pressure Heat given to the water in the hydrobox 3 2 Condensing temperature Condenser Expansion Evaporator Evaporator temperature 4 1 Compressor power input Energy taken from the outdoor air Enthalpy (h) Reduced ΔT between evaporator and condenser => Increased COP

  31. Increased efficiency – inverter compressor Compressor efficiency versus compressor frequency Efficiency Tc = 28°C => Tlwc = 26°C Tc = 32°C => Tlwc = 30°C Tc = 36°C => Tlwc = 34°C Tc = 40°C => Tlwc = 38°C Efficiency improved in partial load Tc = Condensing temperature Tlwc = leaving water condenser Compressor frequency Tambient Heating load 100% 0% 17°C -10°C Heat exchangers become overdimensioned in partial load

  32. Tlwc (°C) 40 TLeaving water 25 -10 18 Control strategy – Space heating Ta (°C) • Priority is given to space heating. • The leaving water temperature is controlled by floating setpoint, but can be fixed. • The system only controls the leaving water temperature, not the room temperature. • The floating setpoint will keep a stable indoor temperature. • The back up heater switches on if the heat pump doesn’t reach the setpoint. • The back up heater will never be operational in sanitary mode.

  33. TLeaving water Control strategy – Sanitary water heating • Compressor runs at full capacity with a leaving water temperature of 55°C. • Space heating and cooling mode has priority. • The sanitary tank has a buffer volume of 150-300 liter warm water. • Booster heater timer • Below a certain ambient temperature (user setting) when the space heating • needs full capacity the system will not switch to sanitary mode. • Powerfull sanitary mode.

  34. Control strategy – Cooling Floor heating loopdisactivated Motorised valveField supply • Priority is given to space cooling. • Fixed leaving water temperature. • Chilled water down to 4°C. • Cooling with fan coil units • Cooling through the floor loops

  35. Combination of floor heating and radiators Floor loop 32°C Radiator 55°C Principle drawing The water temperature must be adjusted for the radiators The temperature must be reduced to suit the floor heating loops

  36. Tool in preparation (april 06) • Software to select and design the heating system • from the input of the place and heating load Draft Draft One of the outputs will bethe energy cost comparisonwith other systems using different sources of energy (gas, fuel,…)  *Do not use the figures which are not based on reality

  37. System applications – Monovalent • The heat pump is designed to cover the entire load • The heat pump is overdimensioned most of the year • High investment cost • CONSEQUENCES : • Lowest possible energy consumption • Heat pump needs approximately 40% larger capacity than the mono-energetic solution 100% Operating time

  38. System applications – Monoenergetic • Heat pump is normally designed to cover 50 to 70% of the heating requirement at the coldest day of the year • Heat pump covers 90-95% of the yearly heating requirement.Back up heater covers 5-10% • Optimal balance between investment and running costs • Back up heater provides safety in case of outdoor HP malfunction 100% 60% Operating time

  39. System applications – Bivalent • Combines the use of a heat pump and fossil fuel boiler • Heat pump covers the entire load at moderate ambient temperatures, boiler covers the entire load at low ambient temperatures. • Only interesting if the relationship between the cost of electricity and oil is higher than the efficiency of the heatpump 100% Operating time Perfect for renovation projects where the existing boiler is still intact

  40. System selection – Solar panels

  41. Field test 1) Norway: 150m2 house Floor heating: ground floor + bathroom first floor FCU first floor Sanitary tank = 300 l Norway France 2) France: 200m2 heated surface All floor heating Brick walls No inner wall insulation R E S U L T S - Stable indoor temperature - Sanitary hot water available all year round - Increased comfort • Easy installation • High efficiency • High user satisfaction

  42. Field test – space heating (Norway) Leaving water temp follows setpoint (black line) precisely • Indoor temperature is stable during the all day. • Altherma perfectly matches the heating requirements, even under severe conditions. 50 40 30 20 3,Ta indoor room temperature Never drops below 21,5 °C 7,Ti °C 10 9,Tl Set T(F) 0 6PM 12AM 12PM 6 AM 0 AM 0 AM 12 AM 12 PM -10 -20 Outdoor temp down to -18°C -30 Test data 02/03/05 – average ambient temperature = - 13 °C

  43. Field test – sanitary water heating (Norway) • Always sufficient availability of sanitary warm water for that day • Indoor temperature is stable under all conditions Stable sanitary hot water temp. Never drops below 55 °C 70 60 50 40 Stable and comfortable indoor room Temperature never drops below 21,5 °C 30 20 Ambient temperature evolution (note: high “peaks” are due to defrost cycle – position of sensor); Ta = - 5°C 10 0 1 -10 6 PM 12 AM 12 PM 6 AM 0 AM -20 Test data 28/11/04 – average ambient temperature = - 5 °C

  44. Load diagram – Field test in Norway Outdoor temp.(°C) Seasonal COP (including sanitary) - 2,8 Including the back up heater - 2,6 Very high usage of sanitary water (300 l sanitary tank) !

  45. Load diagram – Field test in France Outdoor temp.(°C) Seasonal COP (including sanitary) - 3,4 Including the back up heater - 3,2

  46. 2,7 2,4 2,6 3,2 3,0 3,7 3,9 3,5 4,0 Benefit : expected seasonal COP The seasonal COP* is dependent on the ambient conditions *Evaluation based on first field tests. Still to be confirmed by final tests and partial load measurements

  47. Benefit : reduced CO2 emissions 42% 98% 91% 98% 39% 32% 96% 69% 67% Possible reduction in CO2 emission per country for Altherma compared to a fossile fuel boiler

  48. Benefit : easy installation • Compact outdoor unit • Discreet installation outside the building • New builds and refurbishments • Can be used where outdoor space is restricted, for example in inner city applications • No need for technical room • No investment in ground works or disruption to the land • No need for chimney, oil tank or gas connection

  49. Benefit : installation flexibility Altherma can be specified both for new builds as well as refurbishment projects This versatile and flexible system is easy to specify for every type of project Refurbishment projects New Build Projects Restricted outdoor space Houses Inner city applications

  50. Overview of system benefits 1. Environmentally friendly 8. 2. Daikin has designed the Altherma system to meet and exceed customers expectations and enhance the comfort of living all year round. Flexible configuration Increased comfort Low maintenance 7. Easy to install 3. No additional infrastructure required Low energy bills Cooling option 4. 6. 5.

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