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USAIA - Ubiquitous Service Access Internet Architecture -

This article discusses the challenges and solutions in implementing a ubiquitous service access internet architecture, focusing on problems related to mobile IP, QoS, and handoff procedures.

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USAIA - Ubiquitous Service Access Internet Architecture -

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  1. USAIA - Ubiquitous Service Access Internet Architecture - Joachim Sokol, ZT IK 2

  2. Some Problems • packets in tunnel not subject for IntServe behavior • RSVP tunnel and UDP encapsulation • service classes do not cover additional delay of handoff procedure • location dependent service class. QoS is valid only at one location (re-negotiation for others) • location independent service class. QoS must be set-up in advance (passive/active reservation) • packets in transit to the previous FA are lost, when MH moves to a new FA • buffer management for Mobile IP (request to previous FA to buffer data) • Receiver initiated RESV messages must also follow the detour through tunnel • between HA and care-of-address • IP-in-IP Tunnel between HA and FA must be used in reverse direction for all RSVP related control traffic. Non-RSVP related data must follow normal routed path.

  3. HA MH Receiver CH Sender Home Network Control & Data in IP in IP Tunnel Foreign Network Backup PATH/RESV message before movement tunneled PATH/RESV message after movement MH FA FA Foreign Agent CH Correspondent Host Sender HA Home Agent MH Mobile Host Receiver RSVP und MobileIP

  4. What is necessary ? • hierarchical mobility management • to allow fast handoff for real-time communication • avoiding complexity wherever possible (additional servers, protocols) • QoS • QoS setup in advance with quantitative description of requested QoS • termination of RSVP at well-defined location • de-coupling of QoS and Mobility (movement do not influence QoS) • intelligent CAC • backward compatibility to existing approaches as much as possible • end system • allow for seamless (wireless) communication • policy-based driven communication

  5. USAIA Base Stations (Router) transmitting Beacons Ads Provider/domain networks equipped with services and hierarchical mobility management with SFAs and DFA or MPLS capable LSRs CN Slow, Fast Mobility Service availability is the goal ! SFA (D)FA Cellular Internet SFA (D)FA Most used service will be audio or voice based during movement Cellular HA Local, (cells) , AD (subnetworks) Mobility technology, provider independent access Access is the killer app ! Global Mobility (Ads) SFA Subnet Foreign Agent DFA Domain Foreign Agent CN Correspondent Host MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching Cellular SFA (D)MA Local CN MPLS / (DiffServ) Differentiated Services / (MPLS) Integrated Service Model with Advanced QoS Setup

  6. Applications Services Administration Local IntServ/ RSVP AD MPLS/ DiffServ Global (DiffServ) Network Management Mobility Management QoS Management USAIA .

  7. USAIA • contributions from • Joachim Sokol (Siemens AG) • Scott Shenker (ACIRI) • Dietmar Tutsch (TU Berlin) • Jörg Widmer (University Mannhein) • Michael Bahr (Siemens AG) • Henry Owen, Vasos Vassiliou (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  8. USAIA Motivation • IP equipment (chipsets, networking boxes, ..) are getting more and more cheap • wireless access will be common access technology to the Internet • information access on current location • developing countries without expensive telco infrastructure • emergency areas • ISP competition on differentiation of available services • IP will be the dominating technology of all kind of traffic • easy and fast setup of (access-) networks necessary emergencies, events, connectivity in unserved markets, provision of networks with new services

  9. QoS QoS t t USAIA stationary case mobile case 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t0 t0 1) start application at time t0 at location L0. QoS is not available like busy phone call) 2) re-start, QoS available at location L0 3) handoff to location L1, no QoS available 4) handoff to location L2, partial QoS available 5) and 6) like 3) and 2) 7) end application 1) start application at time t0 at location L0. QoS is not available (like busy phone call) 2) re-start, QoS available at location L0 3) end application

  10. USAIA T P P (Q (ti,Li,r)) = a P (Q (T, L 1 , r)) t=2 Q (t,L,r) = {0,1} QoS user gets at location L at time t0 <= t <=T for request r a = 1 de-coupling QoS and Mobility • Mechanisms: • new handoff protocol LHP for QoS support • modified RSVP for signaling in advance • overlapping cell areas • bandwidth partitioning in BS • control layer in end system • extension of Controlled-Load Service Class • load-dependent refresh time interval for reservation in advance

  11. Application Proxy Higher Layer IP Control WST1 WST2 ... RSVP ext wired USAIA RSVP ext Active/passive Reservations IP bandwidth control ==> continuous reservation (active/passive) initial reservation best effort LHP MAC / PHYS • MN extended for control layer • sense signal strength • triggers RSVP for advanced reservation • Local Handoff Protocol (LHP) • passive reservations with modified RSVP • beacons indicating available BW • load balancing (frequency of beacons) • passive reservations • RSVP termination in BS for passive reservation • mapping to DiffServ / MPLS • Local Handoff Protocol (LHP) • bandwidth partitioning (BE shares passive area) • QoS range in Controlled Load Service

  12. Old BS New BS Router/local CHs MN Beacon [QoS] Announce Data Announce_Ack . . . Passive RESV RESV_Conf . . . Announce [T] Announce_Ack Notify Data Gratuitous ARP USAIA

  13. active reservation passive reservation BS3 BS1 timeout movement path BS3 BS2 BS3 BS1 BS1 BS2 BS2 active reservation (1) active and passive reservation (2) passive reservation turns into active (3) USAIA

  14. USAIA • current work • extensions for ns tool for modified RSVP, LHP • prototype (Linux) based on HUT (Helsinki University of Technology) • mathematical description of USAIA (Markow chains) • Ph.D. for derivation of “mobile” related parameters for CLS • mapping to futuregeneration of wireless networks (3G, 4G, 5G ?) • generic study of “reservation of in advance” mechanisms

  15. GPRS AD global local SGSN Server QoS “islands” RAN Site 1 B S C BS per cell Multicast “islands” ubiqitious and arbitrary access HLR GPRS backbone SGSN PDN (Internet) Site 2 RAN MSC/VLR SGSN BSC: Base Station Controller GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node HLR: Home Location Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center PDN: Packet data network SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node VLR: Visitor Location Register Site 3 Tunnel GGSN RAN

  16. UMTS U-plane

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