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Chemical Bonding

Elements are made of one kind of atom like Cu, Al. When elements combine chemically, compounds form like NaCl, H2O. Atoms, such as Aluminum, Potassium, form bonds using valence electrons in their last energy level. Determining valence electrons helps in bonding. Ionic bonds occur when atoms gain/lose electrons, while covalent bonds involve electron sharing to achieve stability. Learn about chemical bonds in elements like Sodium, Chlorine, and different compounds formed.

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Chemical Bonding

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  1. Chemical Bonding

  2. Elements are made of only one kind of atom. Example: Cu Al When two or more elements combine chemically, a compound is formed. Example: NaCl H2O

  3. Elements

  4. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate AlK(SO4)2

  5. Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3

  6. Zinc Oxide ZnO

  7. Cupric Sulfate CuSO4

  8. Atoms must form bonds between them to form compounds.

  9. Atoms use their valence electrons to form bonds. Valence electrons are the electrons in an atom’s last energy level

  10. Sodium

  11. chlorine

  12. You can determine valence electrons by determining the group the element belongs to. (Subtract 10 from groups 13 – 18 to determine valence electrons.)

  13. An atom with fewer than 8 valence electrons is more likely to form bonds.

  14. Atoms use the “magic number 8” to make their outer energy levels stable. (Except for H and He. Their “magic number” is 2.)

  15. Atoms of elements in group 18 don’t usually form compounds because they already have 8 valence electrons. (Helium either because its outer energy level only holds two electrons and that’s how many it has.)

  16. Noble Gases

  17. Two kinds of chemical bonds:

  18. Ionic bonds

  19. form when an atom loses or gains electrons from a nearby atom the oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other

  20. Ionic bonds usually form between a metal and a nonmetal the new compounds formed are called ionic compounds

  21. Covalent bonds

  22. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons to reach the “magic number 8” in their outer energy level

  23. Covalent bonds usually form between two nonmetals. Covalent compounds are made of individual particles called molecules

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