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An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY. SUBMITTED BY: RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA ELEX &COMM ENGG. CONTENT. Overview of Bluetooth History The Bluetooth Specifications Typical Bluetooth Scenario Protocols Profiles Security

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An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

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  1. An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY SUBMITTED BY: RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA ELEX &COMM ENGG

  2. CONTENT • Overview of Bluetooth History • The Bluetooth Specifications • Typical Bluetooth Scenario • Protocols • Profiles • Security • Comparison with other technologies • Future of Bluetooth • Summary

  3. What is Bluetooth? • “Bluetooth wireless technology is an open specification for a low-cost, low-power, short-range radio technology for ad-hoc wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the world.” One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

  4. Ultimate Headset

  5. Cordless Computer

  6. Bluetooth Goals & Vision • Originally conceived as a cable replacement technology • Short-Range Wireless Solutions • Open Specification • Voice and Data Capability • Worldwide Usability • Other usage models began to develop: • Personal Area Network (PAN) • Ad-hoc networks • Data/voice access points • Wireless telematics

  7. Overview of Bluetooth History • What is Bluetooth? • Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology. • Why this name? • It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway. • When does it appear? • 1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones & accessories. • 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998. • First specification released in July 1999.

  8. Timeline • 1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision • 1995 : Engineering work begins • 1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate • 1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba • 1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A SIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola • 2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters • 2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.1 • 2003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.2 • 2005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)

  9. Special Interest Group

  10. Technical features

  11. Bluetooth FHSS • Employs frequency hopping spread spectrum • Reduce interference with other devices • Pseudorandom hopping • 1600 hops/sec- time slot is defined as 625 microseconds • Packet 1-5 time slots long

  12. Time-Division Duplex Scheme • Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 s) • One packet can be transmitted per slot • Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting and receiving • Strict alternation of slots between the master and the slaves • Master can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slots • Slave can send packets to the master only in the ODD slots

  13. Classification • Classification of devices on the basis of Power dissipated & corresponding maximum Range.

  14. m s m s s s Typical Bluetooth Scenario • Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and point-to-multipoint (broadcast) between devices in a piconet. • Point to Point Link • Master - slave relationship • Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves • Piconet • It is the network formed by a Master and one or more slaves (max 7) • Each piconet is defined by a different hopping channel to which users synchronize to • Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps)

  15. Master Active Slave Parked Slave Standby Piconet Structure • All devices in piconet hop together. • Master’s ID and master’s clock determines frequency hopping sequence & phase.

  16. Ad-hoc Network – the Scatternet • Inter-piconet communication • Up to 10 piconets in a scatternet • Multiple piconets can operate within same physical space • This is an ad-hoc, peer to peer (P2P) network

  17. Bluetooth Protocol Stack

  18. Baseband

  19. Baseband • Addressing • Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) • 48 bit IEEE MAC address • Active Member address (AM_ADDR) • 3 bits active slave address • all zero broadcast address • Parked Member address (PM_ADDR) • 8 bit parked slave address • This MAC address is split into three parts • The Non-significant Address Part (NAP) • Used for encryption seed • The Upper Address part (UAP) • Used for error correction seed initialization & FH sequence generation • The Lower Address Part (LAP) • Used for FH sequence generation

  20. 72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2744 bits Access Code Header Payload CRC Data header Voice ARQ No CRC FEC (optional) FEC (optional) Packet Structure

  21. PART TWO CONTINUE BY ANIL KUMAR ELEX &COMM ENGG ROLL NO-2601031119

  22. Inquiry Page Standby Connected Transmit data Park Sniff Hold Connection State Machine

  23. Channel Establishment • There are two managed situations • A device knows the parameters of the other • It follows paging process • No knowledge about the other • Then it follows inquiring &paging process • Two main states and sub-states • Standby (no interaction) • Connection (working) • Seven more sub-states for attaching slaves & connection establishment Connection State Machine

  24. Channel Establishment (contd.) • Seven sub-states • Inquiry • Inquiry scan • Inquiry response • Page • Page scan • Master response • Slave response

  25. Link Manager Protocol

  26. Link Manager Protocol • The Link Manager carries out link setup, authentication & link configuration. • Channel Control • All the work related to the channel control is managed by the master • The master uses polling process for this • The master is the first device which starts the connection • This roles can change (master-slave role switch)

  27. L2CAP • Service provided to the higher layer: • L2CAP provides connection-oriented and connectionless data services to upper layer protocols • Protocol multiplexing and demultiplexing capabilities • Segmentation & reassembly of large packets • L2CAP permits higher level protocols and applications to transmit and receive L2CAP data packets up to 64 kilobytes in length.

  28. IP Control Applications Data SDP RFCOMM Middleware Protocol Group Audio L2CAP Link Manager Baseband RF Middleware Protocol Group • Additional transport protocols to allow existing and new applications to operate over Bluetooth. • Packet based telephony control signaling protocol also present. • Also includes Service Discovery Protocol.

  29. Middleware Protocol Group (contd.) • Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) • Means for applications to discover device info, services and its characteristics. • TCP/IP • Network Protocols for packet data communication, routing. • RFCOMM • Cable replacement protocol, emulation of serial ports over wireless network.

  30. IP Over Bluetooth • IP over Bluetooth v 1.0

  31. IP Over Bluetooth • IP over Bluetooth v 1.1

  32. File Transfer Profile • Profile provides: • Enhanced client-server interactions: • -browse, create, transfer folders • - browse, pull, push, delete files

  33. Headset Profile • Profile provides: • Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection & accept/terminate calls. • Volume can be controlled from either device. • Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

  34. Core Bluetooth Products • Notebook PCs & Desktop computers • Printers • PDAs • Other handheld devices • Cell phones • Wireless peripherals: • Headsets • Cameras • CD Player • TV/VCR/DVD • Access Points • Telephone Answering Devices • Cordless Phones • Cars

  35. Other Products… • 2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS 430 • hands free calls • Digital Pulse Oximetry System • Toshiba Washer & Dryer • Nokia N-gage

  36. Security • Security Measures • Link Level Encryption & Authentication. • Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device access. • Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys). • These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters are transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain information known to the device, can generate the keys. • Further encryption can be done at the application layer.

  37. A Comparison WLAN

  38. Bluetooth vs. IrD • Bluetooth • Point to Multipoint • Data & Voice • Easier Synchronization due to omni-directional and no LOS requirement • Devices can be mobile • Range 10 m • IrD • Point to point • Intended for Data Communication • Infrared, LOS communication • Can not penetrate solid objects • Both devices must be stationary, for synchronization • Range 1 m

  39. Bluetooth: Today & Tomorrow

  40. Will Bluetooth become a household name?

  41. Future of Bluetooth • Success of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into consumer products • Consumers are more interested in applications than the technology • Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer products • Must provide benefits for consumer • Must not destroy current product benefits • Key Success Factors • Interoperability • Mass Production at Low Cost • Ease of Use • End User Experience

  42. Summary • A new global standard for data and voice • Eliminate Cables • Low Power, Low range, Low Cost network devices • Future Improvements • Master-Slave relationship can be adjusted dynamically for optimal resource allocation and utilization. • Adaptive, closed loop transmit power control can be implemented to further reduce unnecessary power usage.

  43. “Things that think… don’t make sense unless they link.” - Nicholas Negroponte, MIT Media Laboratory

  44. Thank You

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