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CHAPTER

1. CHAPTER. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU. Lecture Objectives. Computer Hardware Details Four Types of Computers Computer Networks Network Classifications Application Software Integrated Packages Software Suites Sharing Data Between Applications.

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  1. 1 CHAPTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU

  2. Lecture Objectives • Computer Hardware Details • Four Types of Computers • Computer Networks • Network Classifications • Application Software • Integrated Packages • Software Suites • Sharing Data Between Applications

  3. Computer Hardware Details • Computer Classification Basis • Processing Speed – instructions/ second • Data Storage Capacity – Total bytes available • Cost • Size

  4. Types of Computers • Supercomputers • Mainframe computers • Minicomputers • Microcomputers

  5. Super Computers • Most superior on all levels • Fastest • Capable of processing at 120-200 MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second)/ expected to keep increasing • Most Spacious for Data storage • Capable of saving data in trillion of bytes (up to 30 TB). • Most costly • Prices begin at about $4 million. • Largest • Occupy large halls • Application Areas • -Primarily used for very demanding applications, where huge amount of data input is involved. • Number Crunching • Weather Forecasting • Aircraft design • Nuclear Research • Seismic Analysis • Space Program

  6. Mainframe Computers Application Areas -Primarily used by medium to large size companies as a central computing resource. For large processing applications in business areas such as- accounting, - sales and marketing, production, and - human resources. • A bit moderate as compared with Super Computers. • First developed computers in the history (50’s) • Specially wired for connecting 100’s of terminals. • Speed • Capable of processing at 10’s of MIPS. • Capacity for Data storage • Capable of saving data in billion of bytes (up to 50-100 GB). • Cost Range • $100,000 or more. • Size • Occupy large rooms

  7. Mini Computers • Smaller & cheaper than main frame in its capabilities. • Came in 70’s to offload the overloaded Mainframes. • Technological advancements result in increased capabilities & reduced prices. • New versions are called Mid Range Computers. • Speed -Comparable to main frame now. • Capacity for Data storage • Capable of saving data in trillion of bytes (up to 4-5 TB). Application Areas -Primarily used by sub-departments of companies to offload the company mainframe’s work. e.g. an inventory department might use a mini to provide better control of stock and to make predictions about future needs.

  8. Micro Computers • Introduced in early 80’s. • Can be sub-classed on speed and portability. • SUPERMICROS • High powered (near to minis) • Used a different processing approach then standard Micros (RISC) • Example: Workstation Micros (Network server, high quality graphics etc.) • -Leading Manufactures for workstations are SUN Microsystems (SPARC) Application Areas -Popularly used as a server machine in a networked environment. -Widely use for business applications.

  9. Micro Computers • DESKTOP MICROS • Keep on increasing in processing power etc. • Mostly in a personal access. • Can run many applications at a time (needs operating system support). • PORTABLE MICROS • Very Compact & Lightweight. • As powerful as desktops. • Used by mobile users • Laptop – about 11 lbs/ can be fitted inside an airplane tray. • Notebook – nearly 7 lbs/ can be accommodated in a brief case. • Palmtop – 2/3 lbs / can fit into a pocket or purse. (Poqet/ HP) • Capabilities: Hand-writing recognition, personal organization tools, travel information, communication means.

  10. Microcomputers • Least powerful • Widely used • Four types • Desktop • Notebook or laptop • Tablet PC • Handheld Application Areas -Almost every where (because of ever falling cost). -Education -Entertainment -Businesses -Mobile Professions (Salespersons, Field data collecting staff etc.)

  11. Micro Computer Hardware • A large diversity of devices are in use. • Four categories. • System Unit • Input/ Output Devices • Secondary Storage Devices • Communication Devices

  12. …Micro Computer Hardware Video Clip: How to build a PC? Part I & II (Available on WebCT) • System Unit • Corresponds to the Circuit board housed inside the computer cabinet. • Also termed as Mother Board. • Every other device has a connection with this circuitry. • Two main components are: • Microprocessor Chip • Controls and manipulates data to produce information. • Memory Chip(s) (RAM) • Holds data & program instructions temporarily (volatile).

  13. …Micro Computer Hardware • Input/ Output Devices • All devices (a variety of them) which do the conversion from human understandable to computer understandable data & vice versa. • Keyboard, mouse – most common input devices. • Monitors, printers – most common output devices.

  14. …Micro Computer Hardware • Secondary Storage Devices • Holds data & program (like RAM) • Permanently store (non-volatile) the contents (unlike RAM). • Floppy • Magnetic media (small capacity/ slower in access) • Hard disk • Metallic media (large capacity/ more fast accessible) • Optical disks • Laser technology (largest capacity/ fast access). • CD-ROMS (only readable)/ CD-RW (read/write)/ DVD (Digital Versatile Discs)

  15. …Micro Computer Hardware • Communication Devices • Controls the communication between Computers. • Sends/ Receives data or program bits on different media like • telephone lines • coaxial cable (Chapter 7 pg155) • fiber optics cable • Satellite links • Modem is the most widely used (Uses telephone lines). • A modem is capable of (Chapter 7 pg153) • MODulate (data to telephone signals) and • DEModulate (telephone signals to data)

  16. Connectivity & Internet • Connecting computers extends their usability to enormous extent. • Information sharing opens new horizons in computing. • Connectivity results in Computer Networks.

  17. Computer Network Classification • Classified on the basis of geographical boundaries. • LAN - within a building • MAN – across buildings • WAN – country wide/ world wide (Chapter 7 pg165) LAN Example WAN Example

  18. Internet & the Web • Internet – the biggest network around • World Wide Web – an Internet based service which allows a multimedia interface to Internet resources (information, storage, email space etc.)

  19. Remaining Topics-Chapter 03

  20. Integrated Packages • A single program that provides the functionality of several widely used programs • Popular with many home users • Classified as personal or home software • Advantages are cost and simplicity • Disadvantages are limited functions • Popular packages areMicrosoft Works & Apple Works Page 77

  21. Software Suites • Collection of separate application programs sold as a group • Four types of suites • Productivity suite • Personal suite • Specialized suite • Utility suite Page 78

  22. Sharing Data Between Applications • Copy and paste • Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) • Powerful and useful features • Connects separate applications • Supports sharing and exchanging files Page 79

  23. A Look to the Future • Web-based application software helps ease maintenance • Use of the Web to connect toan application service provider • No programs to install • Allow for a simplerand cheaper computingsystem Page 81

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