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Evolution: Evidence and Theory

Evolution: Evidence and Theory. But first, a very quick cartoon show. Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution - Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975). The Fossil Record. Nature of fossils. Famous Fossils. Lucy. Archaeopteryx. Ida . Distribution of fossils.

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Evolution: Evidence and Theory

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  1. Evolution:Evidence and Theory

  2. But first, a very quick cartoon show.

  3. Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution -Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975)

  4. The Fossil Record

  5. Nature of fossils
  6. Famous Fossils Lucy Archaeopteryx Ida
  7. Distribution of fossils RELATIVE AGE
  8. Distribution of fossils LAW OF SUPERPOSITION
  9. Distribution of fossils ABSOLUTE AGE
  10. When scientists use radiometric dating, they use a mass spectrometer to analyze the isotopes present in the material, both of the old material and of the new, decayed isotope. Using the known half-life of materials (for example, the half-life of carbon-14 is 6,000 years), scientists can compare how much of each type of isotope (the original isotope, known as the parent, and the decayed isotope, known as the daughter isotope) is present in the material. Using this information, highly accurate dating can be established for even very old objects. Read more: How Does Radiometric Dating Work? | eHow.comhttp://www.ehow.com/how-does_5185123_radiometric-dating-work_.html#ixzz1ELxiKt6D
  11. Absolute Aging
  12. Distribution of fossils SUCCESSION OF FORMS
  13. Extinction
  14. Distribution of fossils MASS EXTINCTION
  15. K-T
  16. K-T Permian
  17. VIDEO dramatization
  18. immediate 6 months 50 years 10 years 65 million years
  19. Video
  20. MODERN BIOLOGY CHAPTER 15.2

    Theories of Evolution

  21. Lamarck’s Explanation FIRST TO PROPOSE A UNIFYING THEORY ABOUT SPECIES MODIFICATION SIMILAR SPECIES DESCENDED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR RELATED FOSSILS TO EXTANT ORGANISMS BASED ON PHYSICAL CHARS.
  22. Lamarck’s Explanation
  23. Lamarck’s Problem ACQUIRED TRAIT FIERCELY ATTACKED, PRIMARILY BY SCIENTISTS WHO WERE VIOLENTLY OPPOSED TO THE IDEA OF EVOLUTION
  24. The beginning of modern evolutionary thought NATURAL SELECTION: ORGANISMS BEST SUITED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTS ARE BETTER ABLE TO SURVIVE AND THEREFORE REPRODUCE MORE, LEAVING MORE OFFSPRING POPULATION: A GROUP OF INTERBREEDING INDIVIDUALS WITHIN A SPECIES
  25. Charles Darwin BORN IN 1809 MEDICAL SCHOOL AND CLERICAL SCHOOL H.M.S. BEAGLE
  26. A 5-Year Tour
  27. Darwin’s Beginnings Analysis of Darwin's data Returned to England in October, 1836 with thousands of specimens, each carefully documented 13 similar, but distinctly different species of finches Young islands
  28. The Finches Similar but not the same Identify the island
  29. Darwin’s Beginnings Publication Wallace’s move On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection Was published in 1858 Sold out on its first day
  30. Darwin’s theories Evolution: defined by Darwin as “descent with modification” Newer forms are refined forms of earlier fossils All must have developed from a few common ancestors Accounts for the similarities in organisms in a geographical area and the fossils found there
  31. Darwin’s theories Natural selection: defined by Darwin as the “means of evolution” Competition Some individuals are better able to survive Eventually the frequency of that trait changes in the population
  32. Lamarck v. Darwin
  33. Darwin’s theories Survival of the fittest Not always true Fitness means ability to reproduce, not healthiest Oversimplification
  34. Evolution “A change in the frequency of alleles within a population over generations”
  35. Requirements for natural selection If these are present, selection will occur. Differential selection Variation Heritability

  36. Evolution in Process

  37. Evidence of Evolution Homologous structures Same origin; different function
  38. Evidence of Evolution Analogous structures Same function, different origin
  39. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial structures “Left-overs”
  40. Evidence of Evolution Macromolecule comparison All organisms have the same dna structure and the same amino acids Many related organisms have very similar proteins
  41. Patterns of evolution CO-EVOLUTION
  42. Patterns of evolution Convergent evolution Different origins  similar characteristics Similar environment similar solution
  43. Patterns of evolution Divergent evolution Similar background Different environment; different solution Adaptive radiation
  44. Patterns of evolution Divergent evolution Speciation Artificial selection
  45. “… when the last individual of a race of living things breathes no more, another heaven and another earth must pass before such a one can be again." --William Beebe
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