Will technology impact future co-operation and resource sharing ?

1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Insights on the next generation of library systems and their potential to support ILL, document delivery and reference work Will technology impact future co-operation and resource sharing? 15 April 2013 Nationell konferens om fjärrlån, resursdelning och referensarbete

2. Summary • Marshall Breeding will present a summary of the latest trends in library management systems and discovery services.  Many of these new products, especially those based on cloud computing technologies, have a profound impact on the models of resource sharing available to libraries.  Breeding will also review some of the major tech products and organizational trends that have transpired in recent times.  On many fronts libraries are consolidating their resource sharing arrangements to form ever larger pools of resources available to their clients. 

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Library Journal Automation Marketplace • Published annually in April 1 issue • Based on data provided by each vendor • Focused primarily on North America • Context of global library automation market

5. LJ Automation Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: • 2012: Agents of Change • 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars • 2010: New Models, Core Systems • 2009: Investing in the Future • 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil • 2007: An industry redefined • 2006: Reshuffling the deck • 2005: Gradual evolution • 2004: Migration down, innovation up • 2003: The competition heats up • 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

6. Library Technology Reports • Resource Sharing in Libraries: Concepts, Products, Technologies, and Trends • January 2013 • Vol 49, No. 1

7. Library Technology Reports • Supplementing your local collection through resource sharing is a smart way to ensure your library has the resources to satisfy the needs of your users. Marshall Breeding’s new Library Technology Report explores technologies and strategies for sharing resources, helping you streamline workflows and improve resource-sharing services by covering key strategies like interlibrary loan, consortial borrowing, document delivery, and shared collections. You’ll also learn about such trends and services as: • OCLC WorldCat Resource Sharing, and other systems that facilitate cooperative, reciprocal lending • System-to-system communications that allow integrated systems to interact with resource-sharing environments • Technical components that reliably automate patron requests, routing to suppliers with tools for tracking, reporting, and staff intervention as needed • Specialized applications that simplify document delivery, such as Ariel, Odyssey, or OCLC’s Article Exchange • How the NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol (NCIP) can enable borrowing among consortial libraries using separate integrated library systems  • The Orbis Cascade Alliance consortium, examined using a case study

8. Academic Libraries in Sweden

9. Public Libraries in Sweden

10. Libraries in Denmark

11. Libraries in Finland

12. Libraries in Norway

13. ILS Turnover Report

14. ILS Turnover Report – Reverse

15. Mergers and Acquisitions

16. Mergers and Acquisitions http://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl

17. Eventual product consolidation • Alma for resource management • Eventual transition of Voyager and Aleph • Immediate transition of Verde • SFX • DigiTool for digital collections • Primo / Primo Central for Discovery • Rosetta for Preservation • Possible integration into Alma?

18. OCLC will eventually consolidate products to platforms WorldCat WorldShare • CBS (PICA) • TouchPoint (Sisis) • Zportal / Xportal (FDI) • WorldCat Link Resolver • All Legacy ILS • VDX Speculative

19. Overarching concern Library success depends on technical infrastructure well aligned with its strategic missions

20. Key Context: Each type of library faces unique challenges • Academic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resources • Public: Engaged in the management of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in E-books • School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media management • Special: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc.)

21. Key Context: Libraries in Transition • Academic Shift from Print > Electronic • E-journal transition largely complete • Circulation of print collections slowing • E-books now in play (consultation > reading) • Public: Emphasis on Customer Engagement • Increased pressure on physical facilities • Increased circulation of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in e-books • All libraries: • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

22. Reconceptualization of Automation • Current organization of functionality based on past assumptions • Possible new organizing principles • Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + DCB + e-commerce • Resource management = Cataloging + Acquisitions + Serials + ERM • Customer Relationship Management = Reference + Circulation + ILL (public services) • Enterprise Resource Planning = Acquisitions + Collection Development

23. Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • knowledge basesdrive new-generation automation • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Very little progress in linked data for operational systems • AACR2 > RDA • MARC > RDF & Linked Data (Library of Congress Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative) • Bibframe.org

24. Bibliographic Services Arena • OCLC will maintain and increase dominant position • But: • Other platform providers will build competing services • Ex Libris Community Zone • Serials Solutions expanded KnowledgeWorks • Innovative Interfaces / SkyRiver • Metadata now a commodity • Linked data may change everything

25. Key Context: Technologies in transition • Client / Server > Web-based computing • Beyond Web 2.0 • Integration of social computing into core infrastructure • Local computing shifting to cloud platforms • Application Service Provider offerings standard • New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service • Full spectrum of devices • full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile • Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

26. Fundamental technology shift • Mainframe computing • Client/Server • Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html

27. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

28. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central KnowledgeWorks database of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions products General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

29. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

30. Mobile Computing

31. Challenge: More integrated approach to information and service delivery • Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos: • Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module) • Search the Web site • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Subject guides (e.g. SpringshareLibGuides) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • Discovery Services – often just another choice among many • All searched separately

32. ILS Data Online Catalog Search: Scope of Search • Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level • Not in scope: • Articles • Book Chapters • Digital objects • Web site content • Etc. Search Results

33. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface (2002-2009) • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results (for some content sources) • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services

34. Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost Metasearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

35. Discovery Products http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

36. Differentiation in Discovery • Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries • Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection + e-books • Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

37. Discovery from Local to Web-scale • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca,Primo, Encore, VuFind, • LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Primo Central (Ex Libris) • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Encore Synergy (no index, though)

38. Public Library Information Portal LMS Data Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content CommunityInformation Aggregated Content packages Search Results Consolidated Index … Customer-providedcontent Reference Sources CustomerProfile Usage-generatedData Archives Pre-built harvesting and indexing

39. Web-scale Search Problem ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Consolidated Index Aggregated Content packages Search Results … E-Journals Pre-built harvesting and indexing ??? Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index

40. Populating Web-scale index with full text • Citations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation • Indexing fulltext of content amplifies access • Every title, phrase, term becomes an access point • Important to understand depth indexing • Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation • Many other factors

41. Full-text Book indexing • HathiTrust: 11 million volumes, 5.3 million titles, 263,000 serial titles, 3.5 billion pages • HathiTrust in Discovery Indexes • Primo Central (Jan 20, 2012) [previously indexed only metadata] • EBSCO Discovery Service (Sept 8 2011) • WorldCat Local (Sept 7, 2011) • Summon (Mar 28, 2011)

42. Challenge for Relevancy • Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR • Difficult to order records in ways that make sense • Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query • Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

43. Challenges for Collection Coverage • To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections • What about publishers that do not participate? • Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? • What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? • How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?

44. Evaluating Index-based Discovery Services • Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator • Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. • Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. • Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text • Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

45. Open Discovery Initiative • NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search • Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 • Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker • Term: Dec 2011 – May 2013

46. Balance of Constituents Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt UniversityJamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University Ken Varnum, University of Michigan Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer) Michele Newberry Lettie Conrad, SAGE PublicationsBeth LaPensee, ITHAKA/JSTOR/PorticoJeff Lang, Thomson Reuters Linda Beebe, American Psychological AssocAaron Wood, Alexander Street Press Jenny Walker, Ex Libris GroupJohn Law, Serials SolutionsMichael Gorrell, EBSCO Information Services David Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC) Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)

47. ODI Project Goals: • Identify … needs and requirements of the three stakeholder groups in this area of work. • Create recommendations and tools to streamline the process by which information providers, discovery service providers, and librarians work together to better serve libraries and their users. • Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level of participation by information providers in discovery services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content indexed and the degree to which this content is made available to the user.

48. Timeline ODI Survey: www.surveymonkey.com/s/QBXZXSB

49. The rise of e-books • Academic libraries: e-books included in aggregated content packages • E-books used primarily for research and consultation, not long reading • Public Libraries: Subscriptions to e-book services that provide an outsourced collection of loanable e-books • K-12 Schools, Colleges, Universities: interest in electronic textbooks

50. Integrating e-Books into Library Automation Infrastructure • Current approach involves mostly outsourced arrangements • Collections licensed wholesale from single provider • Hand-off to DRM and delivery systems of providers • Loading of MARC records into local catalog with linking mechanisms • No ability to see availability status of e-books from the library’s online catalog or discovery interface