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Enhancing Offshore Wind Applications in the Great Lakes: Data Needs and Challenges

This presentation by Andrew McGillis from Baird & Associates outlines critical data requirements and challenges for offshore wind applications in the Great Lakes region. Key topics include substrate characteristics, hydrodynamics, wave and ice dynamics, and the integration of climate change impacts. With Baird's extensive experience in coastal, ocean, and river engineering, the session emphasizes innovative, ecologically sound solutions for offshore wind energy development. The discussion also highlights the importance of accurate data in the siting and design of wind fields to support sustainable energy initiatives.

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Enhancing Offshore Wind Applications in the Great Lakes: Data Needs and Challenges

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Great Lakes Data in Offshore Wind Applications Andrew McGillis Detroit, MI 21 June 2011

  2. Outline • Introduction to Baird’s Perspective • OW Backgrounder & Study Scales • Required Data • Substrate, wind, hydrodynamics, waves, ice, morphology, overlay linkages • Further Data Needs • Limits of Capabilities / Challenges

  3. Baird & Associates • Coastal, ocean and river engineering consultants • Canadian firm founded in 1981 • 75 people with offices in Canada, U.S.A, Chile, Barbados, UAE, and Australia. • Recognized worldwide for innovative, ecologically sensitive, and cost-effective solutions

  4. Offshore Wind Experience • Regulatory • MMS in US for OCSimpacts • Great Lakes Impacts(Ontario MNR) • EIS on Bay of Fundy • Review of submittedEIS for CA • Developers • Two developers on Great Lakes • Design of foundations in Baltic Sea • Four potential developments on US Atlantic Coast

  5. Offshore Wind Backgrounder • Immediate future: • Monopiles and GBS • Long term: • Jackets, tripods, floaters

  6. Physical Study Scales • Far-field, Near-field, Local near-field These scales are selected for coastal engineering purposes… there could be different ones for different studies

  7. Required Data

  8. Lakebed Characteristics EA & Design Siting • (Bathymetry) • Grab samples • Shallow cores • GSC/USGS atlasand datasets • Sidescan • Grabs & full coresat each foundation location

  9. How it’s Used: • Siting (critical) • Development of Wind Fields • Business Models • Design (hub height and loads) • Wave hindcasting • Hydrodynamic and ice forcing • Real-time operations (forecast) Wind Climate • Many options at regional scale • LS Anemometers • Buoys • Wind Field Data • Atlases • Also need site-specific measurement

  10. Wave Climates • How it’s Used: • Design • Wave loads (ULS, FLS) • Navigation conditions • Driving force for sed. trans. • Operations • Access restrictions • Moderately well understood • Observations are still critical to our understanding • Wind-driven • Data Sources: • Buoys • Hindcasted data • Need measurements at site

  11. Wave Climates (Challenges) • Site-specific spectra • Lack of winter observations • Changed buoys • 12m Discus is too large • Great Lakes are fundamentally different

  12. Hydrodynamics • How it’s Used: • Siting and design • Not critical • EA, Construction, and Operations • Turbidity • Spill response • Extensively studied and modelled • Wind and gravity driven • Relatively easy to measure in field • Difficult to calibrate at a site • Need 3D models • Far-field models such as the POM exist

  13. How it’s Used: • Design • Critical (ULS, FLS, Dynamics) • Operations • Winter access challenges Ice Climate • Some elements are captured • GLERL (NIC), CIS • Ice coverage • Some elements are not well captured • Ice type • Thicknesses • Scour • Short-term motions

  14. Morphology • Far-field • Site specific – normallynone • Near-field • Global scour and migration • Local near-field • Local scour (3-5 m change) • Mitigated with protection What we have: • Field sheets, charts, GEODAS

  15. Data Needs (Next Steps) • Implementation:(from an offshore wind perspective) • BOEMRE Marine Cadastre • Ice Data • Thickness stations closed • Ice scour • Resolution • Climate change • Temporal bed feature morphology • Winter events • Uncertainty • Bed-mounted instruments • Navigation Data • Traffic • Accidents Incorporate: Uncertainty and Climate Change

  16. (Pushing the) Limits of Capabilities Linkages to Bio-indicators • Stable Isotope Analyses • Link physics to biological demands Risk-Based Design • Monte Carlo, Bayesian • Isolate uncertainties • Include climate change Climate Change • Great Lakes scale estimates are now available • Still a lot of uncertainty • We can include this • Data Impacts: winds, waves, ice, lake levels Spill & Event Modeling • Linkages to real-time datasets • Supports construction and operations • Multiple transport mechanisms

  17. Thanks! Andrew McGillis amcgillis@baird.com (905) 845-5385

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