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Explore the definition, causes, types, and manifestations of inflammation. Learn about common disorders associated with inflammation and discover how medications and supplements can help manage and reduce inflammation.
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INFLAMMATION and YOUR HEALTH Angelita B. Frando, MD Board Certified in Family Medicine Board Certified , American Academy of Medical Acupuncture Board Certified, American Academy of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine
Definition: • complex biological response to harmful stimuli (pathogens, damaged cells or irritants) • Protective attempt to remove the injurious stimuli and initiate the healing process • Important for survival
Definition: • Causes wounds and infections to heal (acute) • Chronic = progressive destruction of tissue =>disease and degenerative changes
Manifestations (Signs): • Calor (Heat) • Rubor (Redness) • Tumore (Swelling) • Dolor (Pain) • Functio laesa (loss of function)
Causes: • Burns • Chemical irritants • Frostbite • Toxins • Infection by pathogens • Physical injury, blunt or penetrating • Immune reactions due to hypersensitivity • Ionizing radiation • Foreign bodies (ie., splinters, dirt and debris) • Stress • Trauma • Alcohol
Physical Injury, Trauma Burns Infectious: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites Immune Reactions (Hypersensitivity) Inflammation Ionizing Radiation Toxins Foreign bodies (ie., splinters, dirt, debris) Chemical irritants Frost- bite Alcohol Stress
Types: Acute & Chronic • Names Based on body system / organ involved: (“-itis”) • Appendicitis (Appendix) • Arthritis (Bone) • Bursitis (Bursa) • Cholecystitis (Gallbladder) • Colitis (Colon)
Types: Acute & Chronic • Names Based on body systems / organs involved: • Cystitis (Urinary Bladder) • Dermatitis (Skin) • Epiglotitis (Epiglotis) • Esophagitis (Esophagus) • Duodenitis (Duodenum) • Gastritis (Stomach) • Hepatitis (Liver) • Parotitis (Parotid Gland) • Pancreatitis (Pancreas)
Types: Acute & Chronic • Names Based on body systems / organs involved: • Myositis (Muscles) • Meningitis (Meninges of brain) • Pneumonitis / Bronchitis (Lungs) • Rhinitis (Nose) • Tendonitis (Tendons) • Tonsillitis (Tonsils) • Vasculitis (Blood vessels)
Acute vs Chronic Acute: Chronic: • Bacteria, injured tissues • Immediate onset • Duration: Few days • Outcome: • Resolution, abscess, or chronic inflammation • Persistent acute inflammation, viruses, persistent foreign bodies, autoimmune reactions • Delayed Onset • Up to many months or years • Outcome: • Tissue destruction, fibrosis, necrosis
Process of Acute Inflammation: • Injury/pathogen => cells activated to release inflammatory mediators:
Process of Acute Inflammation: • Vasodilatation => Increased blood flow => redness and heat
Process of Acute Inflammation: • Increased blood vessel permeability => leakage of plasma proteins and fluid into tissues (swelling)
Process of Acute Inflammation: • Some mediators increase sensitivity to pain • Other biochemical reactions occur (complement system, coagulation and fibrinolysis systems, etc.)
Cell derived mediators: • Lysosome granules • Histamine • Interferon (cytokines) • IL-8 (Interleukin 8) • Leukotriene B4 • Nitric oxide • Prostaglandins • TNF-alpha and IL-1
Inflammatory Markers: • CRP (C-reactive protein) • Increased levels associated with increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, muscle weakness and fragility • ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) • Homocysteine levels • Tumor necrosis factor –alpha (TNF-@) • Interleukin 6, 8, 18 (IL-6, IL-8, IL18) • Blood glucose, insulin and leptin (especially for obese)
Disorders associated with Inflammation: • Acne vulgaris • Allergies • Asthma • Atherosclerosis • Autoimmune disease • Cancer • Celiac disease • Chronic prostatitis
Disorders associated with Inflammation: • Costochondritis • Degenerative arthritis, • Hypersensitivities • Interstitial cystitis • Inflammatory bowel / Digestive tract disordes (Pancreatitis, Crohn’s disease, Regional enteritis, Enteropathies, Hepatitis, etc.) • Kidney diseases (Diabetic Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis, etc) • Myopathies
Disorders associated with Inflammation: • Obesity • Osteoporosis • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Reperfusion injury • Rheumatoid arthritis , Lupus, and other connective tissue disorders • Skin: Psoriasis, Dermatitis • Sarcoidosis • Transplant rejection • Vasculitis
Medications vs Inflammation • Aspirin • Works on prostaglandins • Watch for gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding • NSAIDS • May cause gastric/duodenal ulcers • May damage kidneys with prolonged use • Cox-2 inhibitors • Steroids: • Problems with acute use: • Weight gain, Irritability, steroid psychosis, acne • Problems with prolonged use • Weight gain, metabolic syndrome, gastric ulcers, blunts adrenal function, etc.
Benefits of OPCs • Anti-inflammatory properties • Helps decrease asthma attacks • Helps reduce mild menstrual cramping and abdominal pain • Helps maintain joint flexibility • Promotes healthy Cox2 activity • Decrease allergic response • Reduce histamine production and prevent formation (inflammatory chemicals) • Promotes normal immune function
Scientific Studies: • Improvement in Circulation and in Cardiovascular Risk Factors with a Proprietary Isotonic Bioflavonoid Formula OPC3 • Maria R. Cesarone, MD, Andrea Di renzo, Silvia Errichi, MD, Frank Schonlau, PhD, James L. Wilmer, PhD, and Julian Blumenfeld, MD; Angiology, Volume 59; Number 4; August/September 2008, 408-414 • Subjects were supplemented with OPC3 or placebo over 2 months. Plasma oxidative stress status was significantly lowered by 10.1% with OPC3. OPC3 significantly improved endothelial function. Cardiac ultrasound revealed a significant increase of left ventricular ejection fraction. Blood pressure, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were lowered. Skin microcirculation was enhanced and better tissue perfusion led to increased oxygen pressure and decreased p CO2. A dramatic and significant plasma C-reactive protein decrease by 52.1% occurred.
Omega III Benefits • Anti-inflammatory: • Promotes healthy levels of C-reactive protein • Promotes joint health (vs arthritis) • Supports retinal health • Promotes a healthy complexion
Digestive Enzymes: • Benefits: • Aids in digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates • Supports nutrient absorption (good for malabsorption, in children, elderly, poor digestion, etc.) • May help ease stomach upset • Probiotics promote normal intestinal flora (helps for acute gastroenteritis, diarrhea, etc.) • Supports healthy immune function
Supplements vs Inflammation • Arthritis: • OPC3 • Omega 3 • Glucosatrin (Boswellia with Cox-2 inhibition)
Supplements vs Inflammation • Acne vulgaris: • Oxygen extreme • Digestive enzymes
Supplements vs Inflammation • Asthma/ Allergies: • OPC3 • Aloe Juice • ORAC • Omega 3 • Curcumin
Supplements vs Inflammation • Atherosclerosis • OPC3 • Heart Health • Omega 3 • Activated Vitamin B • Resveratrol
Supplements vs Inflammation • Autoimmune diseases: • OPC3 • Omega 3 • Resveratrol (do not give with Coumadin or breast cancer) • Curcumin • Co-Q-10 • Vitamin B, activated • Multivitamins/Minerals
Supplements vs Inflammation • Cancer • During remissions • Breast Cancer • B complex • Vitamin D3 • Calcium • CoQ-10 • OPC3 • Multivitamins/multiminerals
Supplements vs Inflammation • Cancer • During remissions (not during treatment) • Colon Cancer • Resveratrol • Fiber powder • B complex • CoQ-10 • OPC3 • Vitamin D3 • Multivitamins/multiminerals
Supplements vs Inflammation • Celiac disease • Digestive enzymes • Aloe • Probiotics • Fiber powder (prebiotics)
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Crohn’s disease – OPC3, Digestive enzymes, Aloe • Irritable Bowel Syndrome – OPC3, Aloe, Digestive enzymes • Diverticulitis – (after bowel rest and antibiotics) Aloe, Digestive enzymes, fiber powder (for diverticulosis), OPC3 • Pancreatitis – Digestive enzymes • Gastric / Duodenal Ulcer – Aloe, Digestive enzymes • Hepatitis – Digestive enzymes, Hepatocleanse
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Crohn’s disease : • OPC3 • Digestive enzymes • Aloe • Probiotics • Vitamin D3 • Vitamin B12, Folic acid
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Irritable Bowel Syndrome: • OPC3 • Aloe • Digestive enzymes • Probiotics
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Diverticulitis : (after bowel rest and antibiotics) • Aloe • Digestive enzymes • Fiber powder (for diverticulosis) • OPC3 • Probiotics
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Pancreatitis : • Digestive enzymes • If alcoholic: Vitamin B complex
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Gastric / Duodenal Ulcer: • Aloe • Digestive enzymes • Calcium
Supplements vs Inflammation • Inflammatory GI/bowel disorders, etc. • Hepatitis: • Digestive enzymes • Hepatocleanse
Supplements vs Inflammation • Degenerative arthritis: • Omega 3 • OPC3 • Glucosatrin • Prime Joint Health • Calcium (osteoporosis)
Supplements vs Inflammation • Kidney disease due to diabetes : • OPC3 (if potassium is normal) • Interstitial cystitis • OPC3 • ORAC • Bliss • ACTS • If thyroid normal or hypothyroid
Supplements vs Inflammation • Osteoporosis: • Calcium plus • Vitamin D3 with K2 (IF Vitamin D deficient) • D3 levels should be optimally placed at around 40-60 nmol/l • Monitor blood levels to avoid toxicity
Supplements vs Inflammation • Gout: • OPC3 • Curcumin • ORAC • Aloe
Supplements vs Inflammation • OBESITY: • Associated with chronic inflammation • Waist circumference correlates to inflammatory response • OPC3 • Resveratrol • Omega 3 • Transitions : • ACTS
Supplements vs Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury (Brain): • Post-Stroke • OPC3 • Resveratrol • Omega 3 • B complex
Supplements vs Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury (Heart): • Post- Myocardial infarction • OPC3 • Resveratrol • Omega 3 • B complex
Supplements vs Inflammation • Eczema: • OPC3 • Omega 3 • Psoriasis: • OPC3 • Hepatocleanse / 7 day detoxification • Curcumin