Water for the World

1. Water for the World

2. Quick Quiz…

3. What percentage of the world’s water can we drink? • 0.8% • 6% • 19% • 30%

4. A. 0.8% 0.8 % fresh water 1.7 % ice, glaciers Ludovik Hirlimann www.forestwander.com 97.5 % sea water Andrew Hux

5. How many people in the world are without access to drinking water? • 1.1 million • 6.7 billion • 1.1 billion • 2.6 billion

6. C.1.1 billion (1 in 6 people)

7. On average how many litres of water do people in the UK use a day? • 50 • 100 • 150 • 200

8. C. 150 litres = 10 litres UK Average 150 litres

9. UK Average 150 litres Mozambique 8 litres America 350 litres

10. How many litres are lost through leaks in this country per day? • 2 million • 50 million • 500 million • 900 million

11. D. 900 million Canary Wharf Dwellings (55%) Non dwellings (25%) Lost in transmission (20%)

12. What percentage of domestic water is used for flushing toilets in the UK? • 10% • 20% • 25% • 30%

13. D. 30%

14. Personal Water Usage How long can we live without food? 4-8 weeks How long can we live without water? 3-5 days Really?! How much do we need per day? 30 – 50 L 140 – 160 L Okay… How much do we use?

15. Where does it all go? 0.01 - 1 L 1 – 2 L 1 – 5 L 1 – 3 L 5 – 10 L 50 – 150 L 1 – 40 L 30 – 100 L 30 – 100 L 5 – 200 L 1 – 17 L/m2 140 – 160 L Brushing teeth : Drinking:   Cooking: Washing hands and face: Flushing the toilet: Having a power shower/bath: Having a shower: Washing machine: Dish washer: Cleaning car: Watering Garden: Total on average person:

16. Water Consumption Hoekstra, A.Y. and Chapagain, A.K. (2008) Globalization of water: Sharing the planet's freshwater resources, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK

17. Availability of Water World Resources Institute - PAGE, 2000

18. Water Scarcity International Water Management Institute

19. From Plant to the You!

20. How does water get to us? River “source” Add chemicals Stir Filter Settle Store Disinfect Distributee

21. Water Treatment Plant Arup

22. Alternative Water Sources Ground Well http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Faryab-_village_dug_well.JPG

23. Alternative Water Sources Springs

24. Alternative Water Sources Surface Water – Lakes and Rivers Courtesy of Indrajit Shah

25. Alternative Water Sources Sea – Thermal Desalination or Reverse Osmosis Arup

26. Alternative Water Sources Rainwater Harvesting

27. What about Developing Countries? What is a Developing Country? What does “available water” mean to them? What are the constrains posed by water scarcity to people in those countries?

28. What is a Developing Country? Low standards of democratic governments Weak economy Low standards of industry Low standards of social welfare and social programs Low standards human rights

29. Advanced economies       Emerging economies    Developing economies World Development Map Source: IMF

30. Water Infrastructure in Developing Countries Water Delivery by Water-tank Cars No pipelines to rural areas Anokhee Shah,

31. Lack of Infrastructure in Developing Countries Groundwater - Well with Pump WaterAId

32. Walking long distances People have to go to water sources Women and children collect the water In parts of Africa people walk up to 20 km per day to get clean water

33. Contamination Water can be contaminated by: Micro organisms : Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Metazoa Metazoa: Ascaris Ascariatis – Ingested eggs release larvae which matures to adult worms inside the human host. A female worm can produce up to 200.000 eggs/day. Protozoa: Causes severe diarrohea, epigastric pain, bloating, nausea, diminished interest in food, possible vomiting and weight loss Virus: Rotavirus is the leading single cause of severe diarrohea among infants and young children,and is one of several viruses that cause infections commonly known as stomach flu Bacteria: Salmonela (enterobacteria) causes diarrohea Source: http://en.wikipedia.org

34. Contamination Water can be contaminated by: Dissolved chemicals : Dissolved chemicals can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutanogenic, corrosive, irritant and may cause irreparable damage to the environment. Raw sewage and industrial waste Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG

35. Contamination Sediment Pollution (Muddy River Effect) Particulates (small bits) : Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muddy_USGS.jpg

36. Contamination Contamination brings diseases such as: Cholera Typhoid fever Salmonella These diseases are the biggest cause of mortality in developing countries.

37. Treatment – Simple Technology Potters for Peace – Ceramic Water Filters Slow sand filtration – Biosand Filter Potters for Peace www.biosandfilter.org

38. Water Filter Challenge! In groups, make a WORKABLE water filter Each group = A Country Follow the instruction sheet Buy supplies Demonstrate filter at end.

39. Rules of the Challenge! Only 1 person per group buys at a time. You can ONLY buy in the first 20 minutes. You can talk and deal with other groups. No cheating! – Not that you would …

40. How does this relate to the real wold?

41. Challenges It’s not just about giving money and technology… … it’s about using the best long-term solution for the problem! Ownership – Are they going to care if everything is done for them? Is it going to last long? Training – who will fix it?

42. What Can you Do?

43. Discussion and Questions