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Understanding Nutrition, Digestive, and Excretory Systems in Human Health

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This chapter explores the critical functions of nutrition, the digestive system, and the excretory system. Nutrition encompasses energy from six classes of nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, emphasizing their roles in bodily functions. The digestive system processes food through a complex pathway from mouth to excretion, involving accessory organs that aid in digestion. The excretory system, primarily functioning through the kidneys, clears the body of chemical wastes, converting ammonia to urea, filtering blood, and maintaining essential bodily functions.

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Understanding Nutrition, Digestive, and Excretory Systems in Human Health

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  1. Chapter 38 • 38.1 “Nutrition” • Discuss how the body uses food & 6 classes of nutrients. • 38.2 “The Digestive System” • Discuss the role of Digestive System • 38.3 “The Excretory System” • Discuss the role of the kidneys & filtration.

  2. 38.1 Nutrition • Energy - the ability to do work (fuel, food, power) • Calorie - the amount of heat given off (raise temp. of 1 gram of water 1 degree) • Nutrients - carbs, fats, water, protein, vitamins & minerals.

  3. Nutrients continued... • Water - most important. • Carbohydrates - sugars; major source of food energy. (cellular respiration) • Fats - required in small amounts. • Proteins - amino acids. • Vitamins & Minerals - help perform chemical reactions.

  4. Old Food Pyramid New Food Pyramid Movie

  5. 38.2 “The Digestive System” • One-way tube that processes food into smaller molecules. • Mouth  teeth  saliva  esophagus  stomach  small intestine  large intestine  feces in rectum • Accessory structures (liver, pancreas and gallbladder) • Add digestive fluids to small int.

  6. 38.3 The Excretory System • Chemical Wastes - body excretes wastes through a process called excretion. • Every cell produces wastes (CO2, salts, NH3) • NH3 (ammonia) converts to urea (less toxic) through the bloodstream

  7. Kidneys • Filter blood • Two located in the lower back. • Remove salts, water, urea • Filter entire blood volume every 45 minutes. • Connected to the bladder via the ureters.

  8. Kidney Function • Filtration - filters blood of vitamins, glucose, a.a, & salts. • Reabsorption - “good” stuff is put back into blood • Secretion - remaining wastes go to bladder for storage

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