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Understanding Valence Electrons and Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

This guide provides an overview of valence electrons in key elements—oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and calcium—and explores the formation of ionic and covalent bonds. Valence electrons determine an atom's reactivity and stability, as illustrated by the 2-8-8 rule. Learn how elements combine in definite proportions to form compounds, represented by chemical formulas. The examples of sodium and chlorine illustrate ionic bonding, while additional links offer insights into covalent bonds between non-metals.

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Understanding Valence Electrons and Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

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  1. DO NOW: • Identify the number of valence electrons in the following atoms: • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Carbon • Calcium

  2. CHEMICAL BONDING Objective: 1) To identify and diagram ionic and covalent bonds

  3. Physically Form mixtures Ex. Air Chemically Form compounds Ex. Water Elements can be combined in different ways:

  4. Compounds • Elements are combined in definite proportions • Represented by formulas • Show the kind and number of each atom • C6H12O6 • 6 carbon atoms • 12 hydrogen atoms • 6 oxygen atoms

  5. Atoms form bonds based on their outermost electrons • Valence electrons determine reactivity • 2-8-8 rule • Atoms whose valence shells are complete are stable/non-reactive

  6. Types of Bonds: • Ionic • Covalent • Hydrogen

  7. Ionic Bonding • Combines metal and non-metal • Electrons are transferred from one atom to another • Result in charge atoms called ions • Attraction between + and – keeps bond

  8. Ionic Bonding • Example: Na + Cl  Na+ Cl-

  9. One atom gives up an electron, one takes on an electron Sodium has 1 electron in its valence, chlorine has 7 electrons in its valence Sodium + Chlorine

  10. http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1349&mid=55http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1349&mid=55

  11. Covalent Bonds • Form between 2 non-metals • Electrons are shared • http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1348&mid=55

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