COMMUNITY

1. COMMUNITY POLICING A New Security Culture 10 th IPES Meeting - Bahrain, 11 – 15 October 2003 Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces PORTUGAL

2. Community Policing – A New Security Culture • System of Security Forces of Portugal • Evolution of the Portuguese Society • Community Policing • Implementation strategy • Training • Special programmes • Operational model • Conclusions Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

3. Community Policing – A New Security Culture SECURITY FORCES SYSTEM Dual system: Two Security Forces with generic competence • GENERIC MISSION: • To guarantee public order and tranquillity, assuring the free exercise of citizen rights, freedoms and warrants • To assure the security of citizens and their property • To prevent all acts against the Law Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

4. Community Policing – A New Security Culture SECURITY FORCES SYSTEM Dual system: Two Security Forces with generic competence • Republican National Guard (GNR) • Military nature • 26 000 agents • Territory out of major urban centres • Generic legal competence in the whole territory • 60 % of the population • 90 % of the territory • 600 police stations • Public Security Police (PSP) • Civilian nature • 22 000 agents • Major urban centres • Generic legal competence in the whole territory • 40 % of the population • 10 % of the territory • 200 police stations Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

5. Community Policing – A New Security Culture EVOLUTION OF THE PORTUGUESE SOCIETY: Relevant Marks 1926 – 1974: • Authoritarian regime • Preponderance of the role of the State • Subordination of individuals / reduced individual rights • Lack of civic participation / weak feeling of citizenship • Discricionarity in the Security Forces action, centred on the respect of the Law, and on the defence of the authority of the State After the 25th of April of 1974: • Democratic regime • Recognition and promotion of individual rights (Portuguese Constitution) • Stronger feeling of citizenship • Promotion of civic participation • Actuation of the Security Forces within the strict bounds of the Law Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

6. Community Policing – A New Security Culture BACKGROUND OF COMMUNITY POLICING IN PORTUGAL • Social changes • Changes in the relationship between citizens and the authorities • New bounds of insecurity problems • Larger interest of citizens in security subjects • Limitations of the Security Forces in solving problems using conventional working models New philosophy: • Selective and targeted police work • Direct or represented participation of citizens in the local security problems Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

7. Community Policing – A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING • Proximity policing • Creation of mutual trust and knowledge between police and citizens New culture of security: • Shared by everyone, without subverting the responsibility of each social partner • Core principles: • Situational and social PREVENTION • Creation of PARTNERSHIP NETWORKS Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

8. Community Policing – A New Security Culture COMMNUNITY POLICING – Implementation strategy: • Taking into consideration the diversity and specificity of the social backgrounds, which justify differenced strategies • Elaboration of the conceptual frame and definition of the goals by the government • Security Forces had the freedom to define the strategies to achieve the goals, considering specific situations Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

9. Community Policing – A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING – Goals: • To improve the quality of life of citizens • To proceed with territorial crime prevention • To improve the integration in the community and promote the communication between all social players • To strengthen, in the Security Forces, the idea of public service, based on the quality of the service and the satisfaction of citizens • To change the reactive police and make it a proactive police, which anticipates and prevents the problems • To improve the quality of police action Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

10. Community Policing – A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING – Implementation strategy: COMMUNITY POLICING INTEGRATED PROGRAMME SPECIAL PROGRAMMES CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS WITH CITIZENS TRAINING MUNICIPAL POLICE Goals: - to give a new image and visibility to the Security Forces - to create a new capacity of insertion and integration of the polices in community life Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

11. Community Policing – A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING – Implementation strategy: COMMUNITY POLICING INTEGRATED PROGRAMME SPECIAL PROGRAMMES CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS WITH CITIZENS TRAINING MUNICIPAL POLICE Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

12. Community Policing– A New Security Culture TRAINING Continuous Training Programme • Goal: • To prepare the security professionals with knowledge, skills and techniques which allow them to fulfil with efficiency and efficacy the tasks required by this type of policing • Conditionings: • Great geographic dispersion of the police effectives • Lack of availability of the police agents, due to operational activity • Need to reach, at the same time, all the professionals of the Security Forces Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

13. Community Policing– A New Security Culture TRAINING Distance Learning Programme • Structure: • First and last session are presencial and presented by a tutor • Modular – Thematic Unit composed of four modules • Pedagogic support: Videotape + Support Text (for each module) • Targets: • About 48.000 agents of the two Security Forces All the of the four modules of the Thematic Unit PROXIMITY POLICING were included in the curricular structure of the initial courses of the Security Forces, in order to prepare all new agents to this type of police action Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

14. Community Policing– A New Security Culture TRAINING Distance Learning Programme - “PROXIMITY POLICING” Unit 1st Module:PRESENTATION • Social changes • Impact of the social changes in the security matters 2nd Module:APPROXIMIMATION TECHNIQUES • Criminal prevention – methods e techniques • Modernization and qualification of the police services process 3rd Module:COMMUNICATION • Importance of communication in its psycho-social side • Communication techniques – verbal and non-verbal 4th Module:PARTNERSHIP AND MEDIATING • Partnership and multidimensional responses to prevent delinquency • Mediating techniques Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

15. Community Policing– A New Security Culture SPECIAL PROGRAMMES • Directed to social groups that are vulnerable or in a risk situation • Prevention of small and medium criminality • Feeling of insecurity • SAFE SCHOOL Programme • AID 65 – SAFETY FOR SENIOR CITIZENS Programme • SAFE COMMERCE Programme • CRIME VICTIMS SUPPORT Programme Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

16. Community Policing– A New Security Culture SAFE SCHOOL Programme • Programme launched in 1996 • Targeted to the whole school community Goals • To ensure safety conditions of the scholastic population • To promote security conducts Through • Vigilance of schools and areas around them • Policing of the usual routes leading to the school • Actions of sensitization to security issues, for the students Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

17. Community Policing– A New Security Culture SAFE SCHOOL Programme How it works • Teams of two agents, in exclusivity, with specific preparation and training • Vehicles exclusively attached to this task, with specific identification • Reinforced vigilance, in times and places defined according to the specific needs of schools • Actions of personal contact with students, promoting security conducts • About 1.000 police agents involved, daily • 450 vehicles • Teams equipped with a mobile phone and a first aid kit • About 6.000 schools included Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

18. Community Policing– A New Security Culture AID 65 – Safety for Senior Citizens Goals • To ensure safety conditions and tranquillity of senior citizens • To promote the knowledge of the police work • To help to prevent risk situations Through • Reinforcement of policing in places more frequented by senior citizensNetwork of direct and immediate contacts between senior citizensand the Security Forces • Installation of telephones in the home of needed and isolated senior citizens • Partnerships with social institutions which develop senior citizenssupport programmes • Teams of police agents prepared and trained to give support and useful advise on security issues, and others Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

19. Community Policing– A New Security Culture SAFE COMMERCE Programme Goals • To ensure the safety of shop owners • To ensure immediate action of the police in all risk situations Through • Direct system of communication between shop owners and the Security Forces • Evaluation and advisement on shop security conditions • Promotion of sensitization actions • Promotion of security conducts by shop owners Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

20. Community Policing– A New Security Culture CRIME VICTIM SUPPORT Programme Goal • To guarantee specialised reception, attendance and guiding to crime victims Through • Creation of special rooms for the reception of crime victims, in the police stations • Special training to Security Forces agents • Partnerships with other entities developing its activities in this area Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

21. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL PREVENTION 2 dimensions TOTAL QUALLITY SERVICE Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

22. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL PREVENTION 3 dimensions VIGILANCE INFORMATION VISIBILITY Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

23. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL PREVENTION VIGILANCE • Observation of behaviours which indicate illegalities or potential problems • Directed to problems locally identified potential sources of insecurity • Involvement of informal institutions of social control Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

24. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL PREVENTION • Exchange of information about security and prevention behaviours • Fluent and shared mechanisms of direct contact with the population • Information strategies directed to: INFORMATION • specific sectors of the society • risk groups • minority groups • specific problems (domestic violence, delinquency) Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

25. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL PREVENTION • Foot patrolling • Directed patrols • Goal patrolling • Participation in local initiatives aiming the discussion and analysis of security issues • Participation in local partnerships, institutional or informal VISIBILITY Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

26. Community Policing– A New Security Culture COMMUNITY POLICING OPERATIONAL MODEL TOTAL QUALLITY SERVICE • Use of social diagnostics • Strong investment in reception, attendance and guidance • Change of the circuits of communication to the public, assuring faster and more qualified response • Personalized contact – direct mail, door to door actions, leaflets • Participated management model Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

27. Community Policing– A New Security Culture CONCLUSIONS • ORGANIZATION • Organizational culture and understanding of the police function did not develop as desirable • Security Forces did not adapt its organizational model • There has not been enough decentralization of the police strategies • TRAINING • The effort made by the government, concerning training issues, did not get the desirable support • The Security Forces did not reinforce, in their initial training programmes, new knowledge and techniques, new practices and behaviours Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

28. Community Policing– A New Security Culture CONCLUSIONS • MAKING THE NEW MODEL KNOWN TO THE POPULATION • The responsibility of making the new police actuation philosophy known to the public was assigned to district and local authorities, which aren’t still ready to deal with security co-production issues • Difficulties in the constitution and functioning of partnerships • PROGRAMME’S IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY • Generalized application of the model – without pilot-experiences • Difficulty in detecting strongnesses and weaknesses, and in making the necessary corrections • Difficulty in evaluating the social impact of the changes Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL

29. Community Policing– A New Security Culture Thank you for your attention! Consultative Council for the Formation of the Security Services and Forces - PORTUGAL