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An Experimental Study on Energy Consumption of Video Encryption for Mobile Handheld Devices

An Experimental Study on Energy Consumption of Video Encryption for Mobile Handheld Devices. Kyoungwoo Lee, Nikil Dutt, and Nalini Venkatasubramanian Center for Embedded Computer Systems Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California, Irvine

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An Experimental Study on Energy Consumption of Video Encryption for Mobile Handheld Devices

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  1. An Experimental Study on Energy Consumption of Video Encryption for Mobile Handheld Devices Kyoungwoo Lee, Nikil Dutt, and Nalini Venkatasubramanian Center for Embedded Computer Systems Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California, Irvine <kyoungwl, dutt, nalini>@ics.uci.edu http://forge.ics.uci.edu/

  2. Introduction Motivation • Mobile multimedia applications are vulnerable to security attacks in wireless networks • Significant computation for video encryption is expected onbattery-operated mobile devices Problem • Evaluate symmetric video encryption schemes from the perspective of energy consumption both analytically and experimentally

  3. Secure Video Application Video Encoder Motion Estimation DCT Quantization Entropy Encoding Raw Video Battery -Operated Devices Attacks Compressed Bit Stream Insecure network Symmetric Encryption Technique Encrypted & Compressed Bit Stream Secure Video Encoder Video Decoder Battery -Operated Devices Entropy Decoding Inverse Quantization IDCT Motion Compensation Compressed Bit Stream Decompressed Bit Stream Symmetric Decryption Technique Encrypted & Compressed Bit Stream Secure Video Decoder

  4. Video Encryption Schemes Symmetric Encryption Technique • The same encryption technique and the same security key are used to encrypt and decrypt the message (e.g. – DES and AES) network Encrypt Decrypt plaintext ciphertext ciphertext plaintext A Secret Message A Secret Message #P(&*(UV +*#$@JH} #P(&*(UV +*#$@JH} • Naïve Encryption Scheme • Selective Encryption Scheme • Zig-Zag Permutation Scheme • Video Encryption Algorithm (VEA)

  5. Studied Video Encryption Schemes (2) Selective Encryption Scheme Video Encoding (H.263) Selective Encryption (DES) P-frame P-frame I-frame P-frame P-frame I-frame Intra-block Video Encoding (H.263) Naive Encryption (DES) • EnergySelective = eDES*SIB • SIBl - size of Intra-blocks in video data P-frame P-frame I-frame P-frame P-frame I-frame (1) Naive Encryption Scheme • EnergyNaive=eDES*STotal • eDES - energy to encrypt one byte by DES • STotal - size of the whole video data

  6. Studied Video Encryption Schemes (cont’) (3) Zig-Zag Permutation Scheme Video Encoding & Zig-Zag Permutation (H.263&Shuffle) P-frame P-frame I-frame • EnergyZig-Zag = eoverhead • eoverhead - energy to shuffle coefficients (4) Video Encryption Algorithm (VEA) VEA (XOR &DES) Video Encoding (H.263) P-frame P-frame I-frame P-frame P-frame I-frame • EnergyVEA = ½*(eDES+eXOR)*STotal • eXOR - energy for XOR

  7. Comparison of Video Encryption Schemes Analytical Comparison Drawback Relative Energy Algorithm Significant Computation 100 % Naive Moderate Security 59 % Selective Breaks efficiency of Video Encoding < 1 % Zig-Zag Not applicable for H.263 without even distribution 50 % VEA • Naïve encryption scheme consumes twice the energy of Selective encryption scheme

  8. Experimental Setup V Zaurus V R VR PZaurus = * VZaurus R Experimental Setup System Architecture Secure Video Application (Encoder / Decoder) DES H.263 Codec Device Driver 5 V OpenSSL Library Operating System (Linux) R = 22 ohm Mobile Handheld Hardware (Sharp Zaurus) • DAQ board with BNC Connector • Windows XP • 1,000 samples/sec • 400 MHz Intel XScale • 64 MB flash & 32 MB SDRAM Power Measurement System

  9. Energy Consumption for Varying Quality and Security Quality (Quant Scale) Security (Full vs. Partial) Measured Energy (J) Energy Overhead High (Quant = 1) High (Full) 128.2 13 % Low (Partial) 111.0 Mid-High (Quant = 4) High (Full) 92.05 9 % Low (Partial) 83.56 Mid-Low (Quant = 10) High (Full) 77.62 2 % Appropriate for mobile video Low (Partial) 75.78 Low (Quant = 31) High (Full) 70.44 1 % Low (Partial) 69.89 • Energy overhead for full encryption is NEGLIGIBLE

  10. Experimental Results: Video Coder & Crypto 80 74.77 70 60 Huge Difference (98 %) 50 Measured Energy (Joules) 40 30 20 11.37 10 1.5 0 Application H.263 Encoder H.263 Decoder DES Crypto • Encryption consumes negligible energy as compared to encoding

  11. Experimental Results: Video Encryption Negligible Energy Overhead 90 77.62 75.78 74.77 80 74.11 72.87 72.26 (2.4%) 70 (1.7%) 60 Measured Energy (Joules) Encoding without Encryption 50 Encoding with Encryption (Selective) 40 Encoding with Encryption (Naïve) 30 20 10 0 FOREMAN.qcif NEWS.qcif • 11 MB with 300 frames • 1:10(IP ratio),10(Quant),full search Video Clips • Energy consumption of encryption is negligible irrespective of video clips

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