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Terrestrial Biomes

Terrestrial Biomes. What is a biome?. A biome is a geographic area with the same climate, flora, and fauna. Abiotic factors. Abiotic factors : never living things of the environment. Examples: soil, air, light, temperature, water. Biotic factors.

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Terrestrial Biomes

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  1. Terrestrial Biomes

  2. What is a biome? A biome is a geographic area with the same climate, flora, and fauna.

  3. Abiotic factors Abiotic factors: never living things of the environment. • Examples: soil, air, light, temperature, water

  4. Biotic factors Biotic factors: living or once living things of the environment. • Examples: people, bacteria, animals, plants, fungi, insects, dead plants and animals, etc.

  5. Levels of Organization Organisms Ecosystems Populations Communities Biosphere Biomes

  6. Terrestrial Biomes: differ by location, plants, and animals • Temperate/Deciduous Forest (TDF) • Tropical Rain Forest (TRF) • Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest • Tropical Grassland/Savanna • Temperate Grassland/Prairie • Tropical Desert • Cold Desert • Chaparral • Tundra • Mountain

  7. Biomes of the World • Each of the world’s biomes has its own unique characteristics.

  8. 3 Main Climate Zones Polar to 66.5 N Temperate 66.5N to 23.5N Tropical 23.5 N to 23.5 S Temperate 66.5S to 23.5S Polar to 66.5 S

  9. Polar Zone • Located from the Poles to 66.5 N and S. • Coldest Temperatures of all 3 zones • Tundra Biome • Taiga Biome

  10. Temperate Zone • Located from 66.5 N and S to 23.5 N and S. • Change of Seasons • Experience hot and cold temperatures. • Temperate Forest • Prairie • Chaparral • Desert

  11. Tropical Zone • Located from 23.5 N to 23.5 S. • Area along the equator. • Receives most solar radiation. • High temperatures/Precipitation varies • Desert • Rain forest • Savanna

  12. Earth’s Climate Zones Complete the diagram: Draw the lines at the correct latitude and label the lines of latitude. Label the zones: Temperate, Tropical and Polar. Color the Tropical zone red, the Temperate zone green and the Polar zone blue.

  13. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Temperature: -22 to 86º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: 24-60 inches annually • Characteristics: • Has 4 distinct seasons • You live here • Leaves change color in autumn • Zone: Temperate

  14. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Flora: the plants of a biome • Examples: oak tree, maple tree, azaleas, shrubs, grasses • Fauna: the animals of a biome • Examples: ants, deer, turkeys, frogs, eagles • Interesting facts: • Deciduous trees lose their leaves to conserve water

  15. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Covers 1/3 of the Earth’s area • Dominated by trees and woody vegetation • Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year • Animal life includes many things such as bears, deer,and rodents

  16. Pictures of TDF Flora Lady Fern, Genus:Athyrium Species: felix-femina • White oak, Genus:UercusSpecies:alba

  17. Pictures of TDF fauna • American Bald Eagle • European Red Squirrel • White-tailed Deer

  18. Insects of the TDF

  19. Rain Forest

  20. Tropical Rain Forest • Temperature: 75 to 85º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: 50-260+ inches annually • Characteristics: • 12 hours of daylight • 2 seasons: rainy and dry • Poor soil • Interesting facts: • Most diverse biome • Many plants there could be used for medicines. • 85% of the world’s TRF have been deforested.

  21. Tropical Rain Forest • The Rain Forest is made of 3 layers: • The first layer is the canopy. • The second layer is the understory. • The third is the forest floor. • The Rain Forest contains about 45% of all animal species in the world making it the biome with highest biological diversity.

  22. TRF Flora and Fauna • Flora: the plants of a biome • Examples: orchids, ferns, trees—would find many buttress trunks here • Fauna of the TRF is very shallow rooted. • Fauna: the animals of a biome • Examples: birds, bats, insects, frogs, & small mammals

  23. Flora of the TRF BougainvilleaGenus: BougainvilleaSpecies: spectabilis Mangrove Forests TualangCommon Names: Mengaris, Honey Bee Tree, DëohGenus: KoompassiaSpecies: excelsa

  24. Fauna of the TRF

  25. Fauna of the TFR Golden Lion TamarinGenus: LeontopithecusSpecies: rosalia Toco ToucanGenus: PamphastosSpecies: toco African Forest ElephantCommon Names: Pygmy ElephantGenus: LoxodontaSpecies: cyclotis

  26. Ta iga

  27. Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest • Temperature: 14 to 57º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: 14-30 inches annually • Zone: Temperate • FYI: Current extensive logging may soon cause the taiga to disappear.

  28. Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest • Characteristics: • Animals migrate, hibernate, or insulate to survive. • Cone shape of trees helps them shed snow & prevents damage to trees. • Soil is low in nutrients & high in acid. Why? • Found in the Northern Hemisphere near the polar region & very few people live there.

  29. Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest • Interesting facts: • Find in Moscow, Toronto, etc. • Taiga is the Russian word for marshy pine forest. • It is home to bogs and ponds. • It has some permafrost but not as much as the tundra. • It occupies about 17% of the Earth’s land area.

  30. Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest • Flora of the Taiga: • Include conifers (cone-producing plants) such as spruce, firs, and pines • Rarely see birch and aspen trees (deciduous trees) • Fauna of the Taiga: • Include moose, deer, bears, bobcats, squirrels, moles, eagles, birds, and insects

  31. Taiga Flora Eastern Red CedarCommon Names: Red Cedar, grave yard treeGenus: JuniperusSpecies: virginiana Black SpruceCommon Names: Black Spruce, Bog Spruce, Swamp Spruce, épinette noireGenus: PiceaSpecies: mariana

  32. Taiga Fauna Long-Eared OwlCommon Names: Cat OwlGenus: AisoSpecies: otus American Black BearGenus: UrsusSpecies: americanus Snowshoe RabbitCommon Names: Varying HareGenus: LepusSpecies: americanus WolverineGenus: GuloSpecies: luscus

  33. Tropical Grassland/Savanna

  34. Tropical Grassland/Savanna • Temperature: 61 to 93º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: 20-50 inches annually • Zone: Tropical

  35. Tropical Grassland/Savanna • Characteristics: • Has trees • Has wet and dry seasons • Dry season is always followed by fire and is necessary for survival of the savanna.

  36. Tropical Grassland/Savanna • Flora: grass, trees, and shrubs Jackal Berry TreeCommon Names: Jackalberry Tree, Jakkalbessie, AfricanEbonyGenus: DiospyrosSpecies: mespiliformis

  37. Tropical Grassland/Savanna • Fauna: giraffe, zebras, gazelles, elephants, wildebeests Grant's ZebraCommon Names: Plains ZebraGenus: EquusSpecies: burchelli bohmi Wildebeest

  38. Temperate Grassland (Prairie) • Temperature: -40 to 100 +º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: 20-35 inches annually • Zone: Temperate

  39. Temperate Grassland • Characteristics: • Few grasslands left due to clearing of land for farms—for croplands • Interesting facts: • Biome with the richest/most fertile soil

  40. Temperate Grassland • Flora: grasses, flowers, and trees, only near water • Fauna: spiders, insects, rabbits, coyotes, mice, prairie dogs

  41. Tropical Deserts • Temperature: -0.4 to 120º Fahrenheit • Precipitation: less than 20 inches annually • Zone: Tropical

  42. Characteristics: Cover 1/5 of the Earth’s surface Have rich soil Hot and dry Interesting facts: 4 deserts in North America Plants have shallow roots near the soil surface, waxy coverings, & spiny leaves to conserve water. Sahara Desert in Africa is the world’s largest, covering over 3.5 million acres of land. Tropical Deserts

  43. Deserts of North America

  44. Fauna examples: also include spiders, insects, birds Desert Kangaroo Rat Genus: DipodomysSpecies: deserti Sonoran Pronghorn AntelopeCommon Names: Genus: AntilocartaSpecies: americana sonoriensis Desert TortoiseCommon Names: Gopher TortoiseGenus: GopherusSpecies: agassizii CoyoteCommon Names: CoyoteGenus: CanisSpecies: latrans

  45. Fauna Examples Sonoran Desert ToadCommon Names: Sonoran ToadGenus: BufoSpecies: alvarius Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy OwlGenus: GlaucidiumSpecies: brasilianum cactorum

  46. Flora: Also include shrubs, small trees, yuccas, and agaves Joshua TreeGenus: YuccaSpecies: brevifolia Saguaro CactusGenus: CarnegieaSpecies: gigantea Agave

  47. Blue agave farm in Mexico http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/gomexico/1/0/n/0/-/-/IMG_6019-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://gomexico.about.com/od/fooddrink/ss/mezcal_process.htm&usg=__Mko5xbM8f175VDmfk9FxbkB3j3k=&h=300&w=400&sz=48&hl=en&start=16&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=5dxJfSha_SR43M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dagave%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-ContextMenu%26rlz%3D1I7SUNA%26tbs%3Disch:1

  48. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/images/Agave_americana_stalks.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Agave_americana.html&usg=__lnqQHe0Ynn7Ehzdbnhwt91t5f6U=&h=401&w=275&sz=43&hl=en&start=7&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=IB7RNtBU53jHBM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dagave%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-ContextMenu%26rlz%3D1I7SUNA%26tbs%3Disch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/images/Agave_americana_stalks.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Agave_americana.html&usg=__lnqQHe0Ynn7Ehzdbnhwt91t5f6U=&h=401&w=275&sz=43&hl=en&start=7&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=IB7RNtBU53jHBM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dagave%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-ContextMenu%26rlz%3D1I7SUNA%26tbs%3Disch:1 Agave plant in bloom—called century plants in the south since they take 25 years to bloom

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