Female and Male Cancers

1. Female and Male Cancers

2. What is Cancer? • Cancer is a cellular disease • Abnormal cell growth • Cells grow out of control and forms tumors • If the tumor is within a gland, the cancer is said to be localized • If the cancer escapes the gland it is called systemic spread • Early detection before the cancer escapes the gland is very important

3. Local-Regional Disease Spread Systemic Spread Lymph Node Tumor Other Organs GLAND Bone Tumor CAPSULE

4. Breast Cancer

5. Definition • Breast cancer is the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the breast • If not controlled, it can lead to death • An estimate 40,460 deaths will occur from female breast cancer in 2007 • Only lung cancer accounts for more cancer in women.

6. Signs and Symptoms • The earliest sign is an abnormality that shows up on a mammogram before it can be felt by the woman or health care provider. • Early stages of breast cancer usually do not produce symptoms.

7. Signs and Symptoms Continued… • Painless mass (up to 10% of patients have breast pain and no mass) • Breast changes: thickening, swelling, and skin irritation or distortion • Nipple changes: discharge, inversion, or tenderness.

8. Early Detection 9 out of 10 women survive breast cancer simply by early detection.

9. Cervical Cancer

10. Definition • Cervical cancer is the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the cervix. • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been found to cause 70% of cervical cancer cases. • 10,000 new cases of cervical cancer every year.

11. Cervical Cancer

12. Signs and Symptoms • Often times there are no symptoms. • Women often times view the symptoms as related to her period. • Once the cancer advances, symptoms may include: • Abnormal bleeding • Heavy discharge • Pelvic pain • Pain during urination

13. Detection by a Doctor • Pap Test • Doctor scrapes cells from the cervix and examines them under a microscope to detect infection or abnormal cells.

14. Prevention • Safe sex • Gardasil Vaccine

15. Male Cancers

16. Testicular Cancer

17. Definition • Testicular cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the Testicle. • Usually only develops in one testicle • 1-2% of men who develop testicular cancer get it in both testicles.

18. Normal and Abnormal Testicle Normal Abnormal

19. Signs and Symptoms • Lump in the testicle, usually painless • Swelling of the testicle • Some men may develop back pain or swelling in the leg

20. Early Detection is Key* Self-Examination * • Hold the penis out of the way and examine each testicle separately • Hold the testicle between the thumbs and fingers with both hands and roll it gently between the fingers • Look and feel for any hard lumps or change in the size, shape, or consistency of the testes

21. Prostate Cancer

22. Male Anatomy

23. Definition • Prostate Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the prostate gland. • In the United States, 218,890 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3 minutes.

24. Signs and Symptoms • There may be none at all!!! • Major Signs and Symptoms: • Urinary Frequency • Slow urinary flow • Painful urination • Blood in urine or semen • Impotence • Lower back or thigh pain

25. Risk Factors • Age: The risk increases with age, but 25% of diagnoses are made under age 65. • Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that of Caucasian men. • Family History of Prostate Cancer: Men with a family history have two-to-three fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer. • Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double the risk of developing prostate cancer.

26. Detection by Doctor • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) • Doctor examination by feeling the prostate with his/her fingers through the rectum