Health Occupations

1. Health Occupations Tissues

2. Tissues • Cells of the same type form together for a common purpose • 60 – 99% water with various dissolved substances • Dehydration – not enough tissue fluid • Edema – too much tissue fluid

3. Types of tissue • Epithelial tissue • Covers body surface • Mainly skin • Lines respiratory, intestinal, circulatory, & urinary tract • Also in glands to produce secretions

4. Types of tissue • Connective Tissue • Support organs & other body parts • Soft – adipose or fatty tissue • Stores fat • Insulates body • Acts as padding • Fibrous – ligaments, tendons • Holds body structures together • Hard – cartilage & bone • Cartilage – • Tough elastic material found between bones of spine & ends of long bones • Acts as shock absorber & allows flexibility • Nose, ears, larynx – provides shape & form

5. Types of tissue • Hard connective tissue • Bone • Has calcium salts, nerves, blood vessels • Called osseous tissue • Helps to form body’s rigid structure • Liquid connective tissue – vascular • Blood • Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells • Carries wastes & carbon dioxide away • Lymph • Transports tissue fluid, protein, fat, & other materials from tissues to the circulatory system

6. Types of tissue • Nerve tissue • Made up of neurons • Controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting messages through body • Nerves, brain, spinal cord • Muscle tissue • Produces power & movement by contracting muscle fibers • Types • Skeletal – attaches to bones, allows body movement • Cardiac – causes heart to beat • Visceral – present in walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts & blood vessels

7. Systems of the body • Organs – 2 or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function • System – organs & body parts joined together to perform a specific function • Cells combine = tissue • Tissues combine = organs • Organs & parts combine = system

8. Systems of the body • Integumentary • Protects body from injury, infection, dehydration • Regulates body temp • Eliminates wastes • Produces Vitamin D • Organs – skin, sweat/oil glands, nails, hair

9. Body Systems • Skeletal • Creates body framework • Protects internal organs • Produces blood cells • Acts as lever for muscles • Organs – bones, cartilage

10. Body Systems • Muscular • Produces movement • Protects internal organs • Produces body heat • Maintains posture • Organs – • Skeletal muscle • Smooth muscle • cardiac muscle

11. Body Systems • Nervous • Coordinates activities • Controls body activities • Organs – • Nerves • Brain • Spinal cord

12. Body Systems • Special Senses • Allow body to react to environment • Provides sight, hearing, taste, smell, & balance • Organs – • Eye • Ear • Nose • Tongue • Sense receptors

13. Body Systems • Circulatory • Carries oxygen & nutrients to body cells • Carries waste & carbon dioxide away from body cells • Produces cells to fight infection • Organs – • Heart • Blood vessels • Blood • spleen

14. Body Systems • Lymphatic • Carries some tissue fluid & wastes to blood • Assists with fighting infection • Organs – • Lymph nodes • Lymph vessels • Spleen • Thymus • Tonsils

15. Body Systems • Respiratory • Breathes in oxygen • Breathes out carbon dioxide • Organs – • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs

16. Body Systems • Digestive • Digests food physically & chemically • Transports food • Absorbs nutrients • Eliminates waste • Organs • Mouth • Salivary glands • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Intestine • Liver • Gall bladder • pancreas

17. Body Systems • Urinary • Filters blood • Maintains fluid balance • Maintains electrolyte balance • Produces & eliminates urine • Organs • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

18. Body Systems • Endocrine • Produces hormones • Secretes hormones • Regulates body processes • Organs • Pituitary • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Adrenal • Thymus • Pancreas • Ovaries • Testes

19. Body Systems • Reproductive • Provides for reproduction • Organs • Male • Testes, epidiymis • Vas deferens, urethra • Ejaculatory duct, • Seminal vesicles, • Prostate gland, penis • Female • Ovaries, fallopian tubes • Uterus, vagina, breasts

20. Body Planes • Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various points to separate body into sections • Types Transverse or axial Midsaggital or median Frontal or coronal

21. Transverse plane • Horizontal, divides body in top half & bottom half • Superior – body parts above other parts • Inferior – body parts below other parts • Cranial – towards head • Caudal – body parts near sacral region or tail

22. Midsaggital or Median plane • Vertical, divides body into right & left • Medial – near midline • Lateral – away from midline • Proximal – close to midline • Distal – away from midline

23. Frontal or coronal plane • Divides body into front & back • Ventral – front side or stomach side • Dorsal – back side • Anterior – front side or stomach side • Posterior – back side

24. Cavities of the body • Cranial • Brain • Spinal • Spinal column • Thoracic • Esophagus, trachea, • Bronchi, lungs, heart • Large blood vessels

25. Cavities of the body • Abdominal • Stomach, liver, • Small intestine • Most of large intestine • Appendix, gall bladder • Pancreas, spleen • Pelvic • Urinary bladder, • Reproductive organs • Last of large intestine

26. Abdominal cavity • So large that it is divided up into quadrant or region

27. Right hypo chond riac Left Hypo Chond riac Epi gastric Right lumbar Umbili cal Left lumbar Right iliac Hypo gastric Left iliac