1 / 29

Christianization & Heresies

Christianization & Heresies. Christianization of the Empire. 313: Edict of Milan by Constantine Legalized Christianity 380—Theodosius I Declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire All other religions were outlawed. Christianization of the Empire. Split of Empire:

clara
Télécharger la présentation

Christianization & Heresies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Christianization & Heresies

  2. Christianization of the Empire • 313: Edict of Milan by Constantine • Legalized Christianity • 380—Theodosius I • Declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire • All other religions were outlawed

  3. Christianization of the Empire • Split of Empire: • West • Culture and language: Latin • Main city: Rome • East • Cultures: Greek, Syrian, and Coptic • Language: Greek • Main cities: Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Constantinople

  4. Christianization of the Empire • Beginning of Christian societies • Shortening of catechumenate • Babies baptized • Churches replace Pagan temples • Veneration of martyrs, saints, and relics • Christianization of names/celebrations • Ex: Winter Solstice became Christmas • Bishop became leader in all aspects of life

  5. Arianism • Arius(d. 336)—priest in Alexandria • 4 key views: • Father alone is God. • Jesus was “made” and has a beginning. • Jesus is from nothing. • The Son makes the universe, but is not God. • Bishop Alexander of Alexandria (d. 339)—tells Arius he must repent. • Becomes an international dispute.

  6. Arius

  7. Arianism • Constantine (d. 338) advised to call a council. • Council of Nicaea(325) & new creed • Jesus is “true God from true God.” • Jesus is “begotten, not made.” • Jesus is from “the substance of the Father.”—homoousious(consubstantial) • Many anathemas against Arius and his beliefs. • Arius is exiled, and he disappears. But the real dispute lives on…

  8. Arianism • Uncomfortable with the word homoousious. • 340s-360s: Many new creeds and councils • Arians controlled much of the Roman Empire. In 358, there was even an Arian creed passed, which made it illegal to say homoousious.

  9. Athanasius of Alexandria

  10. Arianism • Athanasius of Alexandria(d. 373)—bishop and defender of Christ as God • Sent on 5 exiles! • Life of Antony. • Deification: Only God can make us God-like. Jesus makes us God-like, therefore Jesus is God.” • Eternal Generation—“Jesus is light from light.”

  11. Cappadocian Fathers • Gregory of Nyssa (335-394) • Gregory of Nazianzus (d. 389) • Basil of Caesarea (330-379)

  12. Cappadocian Fathers

  13. Cappadocian Fathers • The Council of Constantinople (381) • Formula: God is 3 persons in one essence. (3 hypostases in one ousia.) • Deification by the Holy Spirit. • Arguments against them

  14. St. Ambrose of Milan (339-397)

  15. St. Ambrose of Milan (339-397) • Monk and later Bishop of Milan • Renowned preacher • Fights for Church independence • Excommunicated Emperor Theodosius • Fights Arianism and other heresies

  16. St. Augustine

  17. St. Augustine

  18. St. Aurelius Augustine of Hippo (354-430) • Bishop, monk, teacher, & theologian • Late conversion in life. • He went to hear a speech…the opponent was St. Ambrose. • Scenes in the Garden (386) when he hears a child’s voice say, “Take and read.”

  19. St. Aurelius Augustine of Hippo (354-430) • Fought numerous heretics: Manicheans, Donatists, Pelagians, & Arians • Defends Christianity against the barbarians in The City of God • Autobiography of his life and conversion: Confessions • Wrote a set of monastic rules

  20. St. Aurelius Augustine of Hippo (354-430) • His ideas became the basis of Christianity. • One, Holy, catholic • Sacraments: Power of Christ • Man and woman are equal • Grace: As a gift from God • Original Sin

  21. Humanity of Christ • Alexandrian view: • “Perfect divinity of Christ” • Jesus has no human mind • The concern • Problems with this view

  22. Humanity of Christ • Antiochene View: • “Perfect humanity of Christ” • Biblical basis proves Jesus is fully human • View: Jesus was man fully possessed by God from birth. • Slogan: “Two natures in one person.” • Problems with this view

  23. Humanity of Christ • Antiochene View: • John Chrysostom (d. 407)

  24. Humanity of Christ • Antiochene View: • John Chrysostom (d. 407) • Preacher & monk • “Golden mouthed” • Named Patriarch of Constantinople • Wrote On the Priesthood

  25. Theotokos of Mary • St. Cyril of Alexandria(412-444) • Christ is a hypostatic union; He is one hypostasis. • Council of Ephesus(431)

  26. Leo the Great

  27. Theotokos of Mary • Council of Chalcedon(451) • Pope Leo I (Papacy: 440-461) a.k.a. Leo the Great • Tome finds the answer. • Fully human AND fully divine • Finally Leo’s Tome is approved along with the definition of the Council of Chalcedon. • “2 natures…in 1 person” • “…one substance” (hypostasis) • Mary as Theotokos and respect for the unity of Christ • Homoousious with the Father

  28. St. (Eusebius) Jerome (342-420)

  29. St. (Eusebius) Jerome (342-420) • Scholar, historian, & monk • Translated the Bible into Latin Vulgate (397) • Vulgate became the “official” Bible for the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent (1545-1563)

More Related