Engl 155

1. Due today: • What’s New, Whats True, What’s you (Don’t turn in until after class) • Grammar Log – Mini-Paper Engl155 Fragments What’s New groups Citing Sources (How to) Finding good sources, CARS – checking Tosspon

2. Talking in fragments • Many times, when we speak, we use fragments. • By the context, we can tell what the other person means. • Doug: Had any test results yet? • Nelida: Nothing statistically significant. • Doug: Not good. • Nelida: Back to step one.

3. Talking in fragments • However, when we write (unless we are directly quoting a conversation), we need to formalize the writing. • By the context, we can tell what the other person means. • Doug: Have you had any test results yet? • Nelida: The results weren’t statistically significant. • Doug: That is not good. • Nelida: We will have to go back to step one.

4. Complete Sentences To be complete, a sentence must have • a subject and • a verb and • express a completed idea.

5. Fragment A Fragment is piece of a sentence • can be missing a subject, • can be missing a verb, • or can fail to express a completed idea.

6. Fragments The architect to my office. • No VERB: Doesn’t express the action Brought the plans to my office. • No SUBJECT: Doesn’t explain who or what The architect brought. • No COMPLETED IDEA. Brought what?

7. Identify Fragments: Exercise 1 • S • F • S • F • S • F • S • F • F • S • F • F • S • F • F • S • S • F • F • S

8. How do you correct a fragment? • Add the missing parts! • Join the fragment to the sentence where it belongs. • Remove the adverb/prepositional phrase causing fragmentation.

9. Exercise 2 • Betsy can’t have the meeting at her house because her little brother has the measles. 1. Betsy can't have the meeting at her house. Because her little brother has the measles. 2. Electricity is everywhere around us. It is in the air and in the ground. 3. We cleaned the three little fish. Hoping that nobody would ask to see our catch. 4. Thoreau spent more than two years at Walden Pond. Living in a one-room shed. 5. I promised to go to the movies with Elaine. Who would never forgive me if I went swimming instead. 2.No Change 3. We cleaned the three little fish hoping that nobody would ask to see our catch. 4. Thoreau spent more than two years at Walden Pond living in a one-room shed. 5. I promised to go to the movies with Elaine, who would never forgive me if I went swimming instead.

10. Exercise 2 6. Many students belong to Junior Achievement. Founded in 1919, it is a national organization that helps to develop leadership. 6. Many students to Junior Achievement. Founded in 1919, it is a national organization that helps to develop leadership. 7. Pollyanna never gossips. If she can't think of something nice to say about another girl, she doesn't say anything. 8. Maria Martinez, an Indian girl, gained fame for her outstanding pottery. Based on ancient methods. 9. the fisherman put (complete the though). 10. "A stitch in time saves nine" is an old.. 7. No change. 8. Maria Martinez, an Indian girl, gained fame for her outstanding pottery which was based on ancient methods. 9. No Change. 10. "A stitch in time saves nine" is an old proverb which can be applied to many daily situations.

11. Watch Out for a Common Trap! • Just because you write a lot of words, you don’t necessarily have a complete sentence. • Although I have tried many ways to get an “A”, such as paying off the professor and offering to carry her books to class each day and assuring her that I love my writing class more than life itself. FRAGMENT!You haven’t finished the “although” idea, so you haven’t finished your thought.

12. But you knew that, because you remembered that… …a sentence is not complete or correct, unless • It has a subject; • it has a verb, • and it expresses a complete idea.

13. Peer Suggestions: What’s New, What’s True, What’s YOU? • Groups of 4 • Take turns: Each present your paper idea • EACH group member should ask at least 3 questions • Author take notes! • What else would I like to know? • What would make this topic more clear/easy to understand? • What are some “other sides”? • I.e. – if the author says the death penalty is wrong, why might some say it is right?

14. Quoting & Citing • Why do we quote? • What REQUIRES a citation? • What is MLA format?

15. Obvious Plagiarism • buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper (including, of course, copying an entire paper or article from the Web); • hiring someone to write your paper for you; and copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.

16. Cite It • Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium • Information you gain through interviewing or conversing with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writing • When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase • When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials • When you reuse or repost any electronically-available media, including images, audio, video, or other media

17. DON’T Cite It • Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject • When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments • When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc. • When you are using "common knowledge," things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents) • When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.

18. Which of these should be cited? On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked by hijacked airplanes. Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English.

19. B was correct: it is specific and not commonly known How would you cite it? In the text of your paper: Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English (National Commission 160). In the Works Cited: National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004.

20. Which of THESE do you need to cite? A. “The science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated.” B. When public schools were segregated, conditions were not equal.

21. A! It is very specific, even w/ out quotes! How would you cite it? In-body: “The science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated” (Kozol 27). In the Works Cited: Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Print.

22. Must Cite in 2 places: In-textWorks Cited Page (also known as ‘parenthetical documentation’) In other words- in parentheses. Your in-text citations work with your bibliography (works cited) page to identify where any quotes or ideas borrowed from another author came from. “References in the text MUST clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited.” - MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed.

23. In-text citations: Direct Quote In the body of the paper, it looks like this: When Mercutio is wounded, he screams “A plague on both your houses!” referring to both the Capulets and the Montagues (Shakespeare 70). Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Print.

24. Direct Quotes • Direct quotation: • Educators are cautioned that “…labels tend to stick, and few people go back later to document a shifting profile of intelligences” (Gardner 139). • Paraphrase with in-text citation: • Gardner explains that there are difficulties in labeling children with a type of intelligence, including the problem that labels may last, while the assessment may change (139).

25. Works Cited Halio, Jay L., "Elizabethan Age." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006. HF-L High School. 1 Apr 2006 <http://gme.grolier.com>. Life in Elizabethan England. Summer 2005. 31 Mar 2006 <http://renaissance.dm .net/compendium>. Pressley, J. M. "An Encapsulated Biography." Shakespeare Resource Center, February 10, 2005. 3 Mar 2006 <http://www.bardweb.net/man.html>. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Thomas, Heather. The Life in Times of Queen Elizabeth I. 23 Mar 2006. 1 Apr 2006 <www.elizabethi.org>.

26. Quotation Punctuation • Period goes AFTER the quote Citation: use 1st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or article title)

27. Works Cited • Use www.easybib.com • Make sure ALL information is correct • Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE • Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

28. Assignments Today Homework Outline of Final Paper due Source list due:4 web1 print1 PRIMARY • Work on Works Cited & Sources in paper • Formal OUTLINE for research paper (handout) • Do research for your topic