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Flathead Reservation

Flathead Reservation. Salish, Pend d-Oreille, Kootenai. Located in northwestern MT in the bitterroot valley. Salish were incorrectly referred to as Flatheads. The Hellgate Treaty of 1855 created the Flathead Reservation.

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Flathead Reservation

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  1. Flathead Reservation Salish, Pend d-Oreille, Kootenai

  2. Located in northwestern MT in the bitterroot valley. • Salish were incorrectly referred to as Flatheads. • The Hellgate Treaty of 1855 created the Flathead Reservation.

  3. American Indians are the minority on the reservation but own 56% of the land. • First tribal nation to designate a wilderness area, the Mission Range.

  4. “The earth is our historian; it is made of our ancestor’s bones. It provides us with nourishment, medicine, and comfort. It is our source of our independence; it is our Mother. We do not dominate Her, but harmonize with Her.” – Salish Culture Committee

  5. Salish and Pend d’Oreille believe MT is their aboriginal homeland. • Lived off the land through hunting and gathering. • Elk, deer, moose, buffalo, fish, fruits and berries would be collected and dried for winter. • Sacred and happy time.

  6. Tribe broke into smaller units to make survival easier; spread west. • Raided, traded, and intermarried with other tribes. • The greatest loss of life was from disease.

  7. After Lewis and Clark they were introduced to alcohol, Christianity, guns, and goods. • 1855, confinement to the reservation made it difficult for families to hunt. • 1904 Dawes act broke land up between members; 160 acres each; goal to assimilate into farmers. Disaster. • Assimilate process where a minority group gives up its own culture.

  8. 1910 - Extra land after the Dawes Act was “surplus” and allowed for homesteaders to move in. • Commitment to tribal sovereignty. • Being able to rule your own cultural group without interference.

  9. QUIZ ON WEDNESDAY! • Locate the 7 reservations. • Define sovereignty • Define assimilation • Define Dawes Act

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