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Understanding Neural and Hormonal Systems: Nervous System Divisions and Functions

claudia-schneider avatar
claudia-schneider
18 diapositives · 313 Views · Nov 13, 2014

This document explores the intricate workings of the neural and hormonal systems, detailing the divisions of the nervous system: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It discusses the PNS's components, including the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, highlighting their roles in voluntary control and automatic functions like heartbeat and digestion. The autonomic system includes sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (calming) responses. Additionally, it addresses the endocrine system and key glands such as the pituitary and adrenal glands, which secrete vital hormones affecting metabolism and stress responses.

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  1. September 27, 2013 Neural and Hormonal SystemsP.47-51

  2. Divisions of the Nervous System

  3. Parts of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain + spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Neurons through which CNS communicates with rest of body (connects muscles, glands, sense organs to brain)

  4. PNS • Two parts: • Somatic • Enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles • Autonomic • Controls glands and muscles of internal organs • E.g. heartbeat, digestion • On “auto-pilot”

  5. Autonomic Nervous System • Two functions: • Sympathetic (ready for action) • Arouses and expends energy • Parasympathetic • Conserves energy and calms Both work together to create equilibrium

  6. SympatheticNervous System Flight or Fight Response

  7. Parasympatheticm • Conserves energy, calming

  8. Contracts pupil

  9. CNS-most complex • Neural Networks • Neurons connected with other neurons • Feedback strengthens connections  LEARNING • Spinal Cord (our reflexes-automatic responses to stimuli) • Connects PNS to brain • Ascending sensory neurons • Descending motor neurons • Through interneurons • Reflexes only need S.C., not brain – If top S.C. severed, won’t feel pain/pleasure/sensation –Why? • knee jerk/headless wonder

  10. A Simplified Neural Network Brain receives info, interprets it, decides response. Neurons learn to work together as a team. Selective

  11. Chicago CTA System, Clark & Lake stop Friendships - connections

  12. Endocrine System = Communication center • Its glands secret hormones, which are similar to neurotransmitters • Hormones travel through the bloodstream and are slower than neurotransmitters Hormones Neurotransmitters

  13. Major Endocrine Glands • Pituitary • sends signals to other glands • growth hormone • Thyroid • metabolism • Adrenal • adrenaline (“fight or flight”) • Gonads (ovaries & testes) • receive signal to secret sex hormones

  14. Pituitary Gland • “Master P” • triggers sex hormones, influences brain/behavior through hypothalamus • Growth hormone

  15. Thyroid • metabolism • Problems: Hyper or hypo

  16. Adrenal • Adrenaline • Fight or Flight (emergency) hormone

  17. Gonads – ovaries or testes • Gets the signal to secrete sex hormones • Estrogen, testosterone