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Integumentary System

The integumentary system serves as our primary shield against the external environment. This complex system comprises the skin, hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis, which is made up of dead, keratinized cells, and the dermis, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue. Various conditions can affect the skin, such as eczema and athlete's foot. Understanding the functions and components of the integumentary system is essential for maintaining overall skin health and addressing potential diseases.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Protecting you from the outside world

  2. Parts of the system • Skin • Layers- dermis, epidermis • Hair follicles • Nails • Sweat Glands • Sebaceous Glands • *Some consider other membranes as well (ex- mucosal). We will only look at skin

  3. Skin • 2 layers • Epidermis • Dermis • Epidermis • Dead, keratinized skin, made of 5 layers of dead skin • Constantly shed • Holds melanocytes, make melanin, skin pigment • Dermis • Under epidermis • Made of blood vessels, connective tissue

  4. Within the skin • Hair follicles • Sweat Glands • Sebaceous Glands

  5. Hair Follicles • Cells within dermis divide by mitosis • As cells push up, keratinization occurs (like epidermis) • Type of keratin (genetically determined) results in hair’s shape (straight, curly, etc.) • Goosebumps • Small muscle pulls on hair, causing to stand on end • Evolutionary reaction to trap heat

  6. Sweat Glands • Small tubes beginning in dermal layer • Tube exits on epidermis • Excretion contains • Salt • Urea • Uric acid • Ammonia • Sugar • As water evaporates, removes heat from body

  7. Sebaceous Glands • Along sides of hair follicles • Create oily substance that rubs onto hair and skin • Increase production during puberty,  acne!

  8. Nails • Also keratinized • As keratin and air mix, white substance is left on nail nearest skin • Nail bed grows nails1mm per week

  9. Diseases • Eczema • Poison Ivy/Poison Oak/Poisonwood • Albinism • Athlete’s Foot • Treeman

  10. Eczema • Any inflammation of the epidermis • Result of infection, allergen, or irritant • Causes redness, swelling, itching

  11. Poison _________ • Plants that secrete chemicals that irritate the skin of MOST people • Includes poison ivy, poison oak, poisonwood, and cashews! • Once oils washed off, rash cannot be spread • You cannot spread by itching the rash unless the oil is still on you

  12. Poisonwood rash Cashew

  13. Albinism • Recessive genetic mutation results in body’s inability to produce melanin, a pigment • Causes very pale skin, hair, eye coloration • Same mutation exists in many mammals

  14. Albinism

  15. Athlete’s Foot • Fungal infection, primarily of feet, but can occur anywhere on body • Spread by contact • This is why you wear shower shoes in college!!!

  16. Athlete’s Foot

  17. Treeman • Rare double-genetic disorder resulting in body having difficulty regulating zinc levels • Causes large wart-like growths all over body

  18. Treeman

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