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How did Galileo confirm the heliocentric model of the universe?

How did Galileo confirm the heliocentric model of the universe?. 1 . What does geocentric mean? The sun is the centre of the universe and planets revolve around it The earth is the centre of the universe and the planets revolve around it Another name for the centre of the earth

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How did Galileo confirm the heliocentric model of the universe?

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  1. How did Galileo confirm the heliocentric model of the universe?

  2. 1. What does geocentric mean? The sun is the centre of the universe and planets revolve around itThe earth is the centre of the universe and the planets revolve around itAnother name for the centre of the earth 2. Who devised the geocentric model? CopernicusPtolemyGalileo 3. Why didn't Copernicus' model of the universe include Uranus, Neptune and Pluto He didn't like themThey didn't exist thenHis telescope wasn't good enough to see them 4. Which planet's moons did Galileo observe? JupiterUranusMars

  3. Refraction Light bends towards The normal as it goes Into a more dense medium

  4. Refraction in lenses The distance between The focus and the Lens is the focal length

  5. Refracting telescope – real image

  6. Reflecting telescope – virtual image

  7. 1. What does refract mean? Light rays are absorbed as they pass into a different mediumLight rays bounce back as they pass into a different mediumLight rays change direction as they pass into a different medium 2. Which way do light rays bend through a convex lens? Together at a converging pointAway from each other - they divergeThey do not pass through, they bounce back 3. Who developed the heliocentric model of the universe? GalileoCopernicusRitter 4. If an object was 2 focal lengths in front of a lens, how would the image appear? The image would be invertedThe image would be biggerThe image would appear further away than 2 focal lengths 5. What type of lenses are used in telescopes? ConvergingDivergingLenses aren't used

  8. Waves

  9. 1. Which of the following are longitudinal waves? MicrowavesLightSound 2. What is the frequency of a wave? The height of the waveThe distance from a point on a wave to the same point on the next waveThe number of waves passing a point every second 3. If a wave had a wavelength of 5m and a frequency of 100Hz, what is its wave speed? 500 metres per second20 metres per second0.5 metres per second 4. What does the angle of incidence equal in a reflection from a plane mirror? 90 degreesAny angleThe angle of reflection

  10. Wave equation A loudspeaker reproduces a note of frequency 320Hz. It travels through the air with a speed of 340ms-1.a) What is the wavelength in air? l = v/fl = 340ms-1 / 320Hzl = 1.06m b) The sound passes through water where its wavelength is 4.5m.Calculate the speed of sound in water V = flV = 320Hz x 4.5m (frequency doesn't change)V = 1,440ms-1

  11. 4. This question is about transverse waves. Adam throws a stone into a lake. He watches the waves move towards the edge. The distance between each wave is 10 cm. Adam counts two complete waves reaching the edge in each second. (a) Calculate the speed of the wave. You must show how you work out your answer, including and equation used. wave speed = .......... unit = .......... [4] (b) The waves travelling towards the edge of the lake are reflected.

  12. Electromagnetic spectrum

  13. Electromagnetic dangers

  14. 1. Which of the following has the longest wavelength? Red lightYellow lightViolet light 2. Who discovered infrared light? HerschelGalileoRitter 3. Which of the following has the highest frequency? Radio wavesMicrowavesGamma rays 4. Which type of UV radiation causes most damage to skin cells? UV AUV BUV C

  15. 5. Which of the following is a use of microwaves? Thermal imagingCommunicationsSecurity marking 6. What is ionising radiation? Radiation that can knock electrons out of atomsRadiation that is always dangerousRadiation that can only be stopped using lead sheets 7. Which type of radiation is the least penetrating? AlphaBetaGamma 8. Which type of radiation travels the furthest from its source in air? AlphaBetaGamma

  16. Dangers • Radio • Microwave • Infrared • Visible • Ultraviolet • X-ray • gamma • None • Heating effect on water molecules • Heating effect on all molecules - burns • Skin cancer and eye cataracts • Cancer • Cancer and burning – dna damage

  17. Electromagnetic radiation uses • Radio • Micro • Infrared • Visible • Uv • X-ray • gamma • Communication – radio and tv • Communication – mobiles and satellites • Remote controls – thermal imaging • Communication – optical fibres • Security marking • Medicine – security at airports • Medicine – cancer treatment – sterilising

  18. Ionising radiation

  19. The universe

  20. Spectrometers

  21. Exploring the universe

  22. Infrared

  23. Top picture UV - bottom visible light – same image

  24. X-ray

  25. Gamma ray

  26. Alien life? The Viking Lander on Mars

  27. The 2 voyager probes

  28. The voyager message to aliens

  29. SETI – Search for extraterrestrial inteligence

  30. SETI listens to space

  31. 1. Which statement about the solar system is correct? The planets orbit the sun.The sun orbits the planets.Satellites orbit the asteroids. 2. What is a planet's year? 365.25 daysThe time taken for the planet to turn once on its axisThe time taken to travel once around the sun 3. What was the SETI project designed to do? To see if humans could see on the moonSend a mission to MarsSearch for life on other planets 4. About how many galaxies are there in the universe? A millionA hundred millionA billion

  32. 5. What does SETI stand for? Send Earth Tourists InsteadSearch for Extra-Terrestrial IntelligenceSearch for Extra-Terrestrial Intellect 6. What is a spectrometer? Apparatus that can separate light into a spectrumAn early type of computerDevice that measure the intensity of light 7. What is the name of our galaxy? AndromedaMilky WayWhirlpool 8. Which is the correct order for the first four planets? Mercury, Venus, Earth and MarsMars, Venus, Earth and MercuryVenus, Mars, Mercury and Earth 9. What keeps planets in their orbits? Gravitational pull from each of the planetsGravitational pull from the sunRadiation from the sun 10. Which of the following is not a dwarf planet? NeptunePlutoCeres

  33. Life cycles of stars

  34. H Paper 1. What is a nebula? A protostarThe remains of a star once it has completed its lifecycleDifference between characteristics in different organisms 2. What happened to the density of a nebula when a star forms? IncreasesDecreasesStays the same 3. In the formation of a star what do hydrogen nuclei fuse to form? CarbonHeliumNeon 4. What is the average lifespan for stars similar to our sun? 1 billion years10 billion years100 billion years

  35. H paper 5. What does a massive star form when it has fused its available hydrogen and helium? Red supergiantRed giantGreen giant 6. What is formed when a massive star begins to collapse and then explode? Neutron starBlack holeSupernova 7. When is a neutron star formed? The remains of a massive star have a low densityThe remains of a massive star have no densityThe remains of a massive star have a high density 8. When is a black hole formed? The remains of a massive star have a low densityThe remains of a massive star have no densityThe remains of a massive star have a high density 9. Why can't light escape from a black hole? The gravitational pull is too weakThe gravitational pull is too strongThere is no light in a black hole 10. About how long ago do scientists believe the universe began? 137 million years1,370 million years13,700 million years

  36. Stars evolve in different ways depending on their mass. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star many times bigger and more massive than our Sun. It has already used up most of the hydrogen 'fuel' in its core. Betelgeuse is on the way to the 'stellar graveyard'. (i) Describe how stars like our Sun were initially formed. [2] (ii) What reaction, occurring in the core of Betelgeuse, is now coming towards an end? [1] (iii) Suggest three further stages Betelgeuse will go through. (d) Most scientists believe that the Universe is expanding. What evidence supports this view? Use your ideas about red shift and the motion of galaxies in your answer. [3+1]

  37. Theories of the universe Big Bang theory

  38. Evidence for the big bang – red shift

  39. Evidence for the Big Bang – the CMB • This radiation fills the entire Universe and is no stronger or weaker in any direction. This radiation is believed to be a clue to the Universe's brilliant beginning, known as the Big Bang. • . 

  40. 1. What is a galaxy? A kind of chocolate barA collection of stars held together by the force of gravityEverything that exists in space 2. What is a planet's year? 365.25 daysThe time taken for the planet to turn once on its axisThe time taken to travel once around the sun 3. Which theory of the universe is Cosmic Microwave Background radiation used to explain? Steady StateBig BangIntelligent design

  41. 4. What type of star is more likely to form a black hole? Lightweight starsMedium weight starsHeavyweight stars 5. Approximately how long has our sun been shining for? 1 billion years5 billion years10 billion years 6. What type of star is our sun? Yellow dwarfRed giantWhite dwarf

  42. Infrasound and ultrasound

  43. 1. What sort of frequency will a high pitched sound have? HighLowWide 2. Which of the following is not a use of ultrasound: Imaging of unborn childrenQuality control checks in industrySecurity scanning of bank notes 3. What is the frequency of infrasound? Below 20HzBetween 20-20 000 HzAbove 20 000 Hz 4. What type of waves are sound waves? Sound isn't actually a waveLongitudinalTransverse

  44. Uses of ultrasound • Breaks up kidney • stones

  45. Seismic waves

  46. 1. What is the Earth's outer core made of? Solid nickel and ironLiquid nickel and ironA thin layer of rock 2. How do tectonic plates move? GravityFrom the movement of convection current is the mantleBlown by the wind 3. Which of the following is the correct properties of an S wave? Longitudinal, fast moving and can travel through solids and liquidsLongitudinal, slow moving and can travel through solids onlyTransverse, slow moving and can travel through solids only 4. What is the process called that is used to locate the epicentre of an earthquake? TriangulationPinpointingSeismometer

  47. H Paper 1. What causes seismic waves? The gravitational pull of the moonMovements inside the earths crustSeismometers 2. What is the epicentre? Point on the earth directly above the focus of an earthquakeThe movement in the earth's crust that starts an earthquakeThe first human habitation that an earthquake hits 3. Which wave would reach a seismometer first? Both would arrive at the same timeSP 4. Which type of wave is longitudinal? PSBoth waves are longitudinal

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