1 / 14

The Homefront

The Homefront. Supporting the War Effort. Creating War Economy. War Revenue Act (1917) – raised taxes to increase revenue to spend on the war Taxes as high as 77% for some Increased revenue by nearly 400% Government also borrowed money

clea
Télécharger la présentation

The Homefront

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Homefront Supporting the War Effort

  2. Creating War Economy • War Revenue Act (1917) – raised taxes to increase revenue to spend on the war • Taxes as high as 77% for some • Increased revenue by nearly 400% • Government also borrowed money • Debt goes from $1.2 Billion (1916) to $25.5 Billion (1919) • Liberty Bonds – government borrowed money from the American people

  3. Creating War Economy • Boards created by Woodrow Wilson to regulate industrial and agricultural production • War Industries Board – headed by Bernard Baruch • No raw materials could be used by industry unless approved by Board • Increased production by 20% • Military got first choice, then whatever was leftover could be purchased by civilians

  4. Creating War Economy • Food and fuel was needed for military use • Passed Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – gave government power to set prices and establish production controls for food and fuel • Food Administration – headed by Herbert Hoover • Increase crop production • Conserve food supply • Started Victory Gardens – home grown vegetables • Meatless Mondays/Wheatless Wednesdays – Civilians would eat less of these products

  5. Prohibition Gets Pushed • Because it was made with crops the government wanted it banned • People wanted Beer banned because it was linked to Germany • Results: • 18th Amendment Passed – banned manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol • Volstead Act – gave government power to enforce prohibition

  6. Fuel Regulation • Fuel Administration – headed by Harry Garfield son of former president James Garfield • Efforts: • Introduced daylight savings time • Created “gasless Sundays” and “heatless Mondays”

  7. Effects of these Efforts • U.S. Military was quickly supplied for war effort • Also gave much needed supplies to allies Britain and France • Boosted American Economy • Became turning point of the war – as these supplies helped tip the balance in the favor of the Americans

  8. Worker Mobilization • Workers saw an increase in pay, but it was cancelled out because of increase in cost of goods • Production was forced to be done more quickly • Led to dangerous working conditions • Led to long hours • Unions made a comeback – led to more strikes • National War Labor Board (1918) – set up by government to judge disputes between workers and management, sought to improve working conditions, established 8 hour workday, made industry recognize unions, and promoted equal pay for women

  9. Women and the War • Women took over jobs that were traditionally for the men to do– replaced men as they went to fight the war • Worked in factories, on railroads, and on shipping docks • Continued to work traditional jobs of teaching and nursing • Branched out into selling bonds and digging victory gardens • 1 million women entered workforce – upon end of war most of all women gave up their jobs • Either by choice or forced to give them up • Women’s role led to more of push for their right to vote

  10. Influenza Hits Home • 1918 – 1919 – Flu epidemic strikes United States • Spanish Influenza – started on the Western Front of the war and was responsible for nearly half of all American casualties of the war • March 11, 1918 – first reported case was in from military man in Kansas • Epidemic spread rapidly • Public gatherings were ended • Schools were shut down • By end of epidemic – more than 675,000 Americans were dead

  11. Gaining/Winning Popular Support • Committee of Public Information created in 1917 • Headed by George Creel • Responsible for creating propaganda for the war • Posters, newspaper stories, speeches, fliers were put together to drum up support for war • Hired Actors to push the cause • Saw creation of Uncle Sam Posters • Results: • Led to Anti-German push – no German language taught, no German music, no German sounding names • German acts terrorism started taking place in America • Led to German Americans being discriminated against

  12. Anti-War Movement Limitted • Espionage Act (1917) – punished people for aiding enemy or refusing military duty • Sedition Act (1918) – made it illegal for anyone to speak, print, write, or publish any disloyal or abusive language to America • Results: • Led to many being jailed – including famous Americans • Led to fight for First Amendment rights of free speech • Schneck v. United States – explained the limits to free speech

  13. Questions • What were all the reforms pushed to prepare the economy for the War? What did each do? • Why was prohibition pushed during World War I? What was passed because of this push? • What was done to regulate fuel? • What impact did this regulation have on the war effort?

  14. Questions • Why was the National War Labor Board created? What did it push for? • What role did women play during the war? What impact did this have on women in public eye? • What was the Spanish Influenza and what impact did it have on Americans at home and in Europe? • What was the role of the Committee of Public Information? What impact did it have in America? • What acts were passed limiting anti-war sentiment? • What was the impact of Schneck v. United States?

More Related