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Basic Cell Structure

Basic Cell Structure. Introduction. Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living things. All cells come from other cells. Cell Types. Plant Cell. Cell Types. Animal Cell. Plant cell. Made of cellulose

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Basic Cell Structure

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  1. Basic Cell Structure

  2. Introduction Cell Theory • All organisms are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living things. • All cells come from other cells.

  3. Cell Types • Plant Cell

  4. Cell Types • Animal Cell

  5. Plant cell • Made of cellulose • Gives shape to cell • Strong and rigid • Resists entry of excess water • Support and protection for cell Cell wall

  6. Plant cell Cell membrane • Lies immediately against the cell wall • Made of protein and lipid • Controls everything that goes into and comes out of the cell; selectively permeable

  7. Plant cell Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane • Provide s a medium for chemical reactions to take place

  8. Plant cell Chloroplasts • Contain the green pigment chlorophyll • To trap light energy to make food by photosynthesis • Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis)

  9. Plant cell Mitochondrion • Rod-shape • For respiration to take place • Release energy • POWERHOUSE • Active cells (sperm, liver cells) have more mitochondria

  10. Plant cell Non-living granules • Starch granules • Oil droplets • Crystals of insoluble wastes

  11. Plant cell Nucleus • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Bound by a nuclear membrane • Contains thread-like chromosomes • Chromosomes carrygenes

  12. Plant cell Vacuole • Contains cell sap • a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments) • Stores water, food and wastes

  13. Different kinds of plant cells

  14. Animal cell Nocell wall No chloroplasts No large central vacuole

  15. Animal cell • Endoplasmic • Reticulum:transports materials from place to place in the cell • Golgi Apparatus: • packages materials before sending them out to other places in the cell

  16. Animal cell • Ribosomes: • some are attached to • the ER • make proteins • Nucleolus: • makes RNA/ribosomes • Lysosomes: • contain digestive enzymes

  17. Different kinds of animal cells

  18. Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cells Plant cells Relatively smaller Relatively larger Irregular in size Regular in size No cell wall Cell wall present Vacuole small or absent Large central vacuole Glycogen granules as food store Starch granules as food store Nucleus at the centre Nucleus near cell wall

  19. Cells • Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

  20. Tissue • A group of similar cells to perform a particular job • Animals: epithelial tissue, muscular tissue • Plants: vascular tissue, mesophyll

  21. Organ • Different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions • Heart: consists of muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels • Leaf: consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue

  22. Organ System • Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a coordinated way • Human: digestive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems • Plant: root and shoot systems

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