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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes. What do these two categories of cells have in common?. Eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles. Organelles : cell structure that performs a specialized function. Eukaryotes.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure • Chapter 4

  2. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

  3. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes • What do these two categories of cells have in common?

  4. Eukaryotes • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles. • Organelles: cell structure that performs a specialized function.

  5. Eukaryotes • 3 Common Features: • 1) Plasma Membrane • 2) Cytoplasm • 3) Nucleus

  6. Eukaryotes: Animal Cell Mitochondria Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Chromatin Nucleolus Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Nuclear Pore Nuclear Envelope Vacuole Centrioles Cell Membrane

  7. Eukaryotes: Animal Cell Mighty: Powerhouse Lys: To Split Tunnels: Roads/Highways Dots: Protein maker Tunnels: Roads/Highways GA: Go Away (UPS) Golf Ball: Brain Spaghetti: DNA Bean: ribo- maker GA: Go Away (UPS) Jelly Holes Outside of Golf Ball Vacuum: food + trash Sticks: Repro Outside Cell: Squishy

  8. Eukaryotes: Plant Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) Chromatin Nuclear Pore Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Ribosome Nuclear Envelope Vacuole Cytoplasm Centrioles Chloroplast Cell Wall

  9. Eukaryotes: Plant Cell Bean: Ribo- maker Spaghetti: DNA Tunnels: Roads/Highways “Brain” Holes Tunnels: Roads/Highways Mighty: Powerhouse GA: Go Away (UPS) Dots: Protein Maker Outside of Golf Ball Vacuum: Food + Trash Jelly Sticks: Repro Light Energy Outside Cell: Hard

  10. Prokaryotes: Bacteria Cilia/Flagella Cytoplasm Ribosome Chromatin Cell Wall

  11. Prokaryotes: Bacteria Hairs: Propellers Jelly Dots: Protein Maker Spaghetti: DNA Outside Cell: Hard

  12. Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells • Plant cells have 3 structures that animal cells do not: • 1) Cell Wall • 2) Vacuoles • 3) Plastids (chloroplasts)

  13. Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells http://bp0.blogger.com/_4VOt8S8VNL0/R8F2tGlROWI/AAAAAAAAABA/Ar828_ym8Sc/s1600-h/Plant+Cell.gif

  14. Plasma Membrane http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit2/chapter7/section2/self-check_quizzes-english.html

  15. Plasma Membrane • Outer covering of the cell • Holds the cell together • Protects contents • Gives cell shape • Regulates passage (selectively permeable) • Regulates entrances and exits (selectively permeable)

  16. Cell Wall • Surrounds the cell membrane for protection and support • Inflexible barrier • Found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html

  17. Cytoplasm • All processes occur here • Semi-fluid material inside the cell (gelatin) • Contains organelles http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session1/closer1.html

  18. Mitochondria • Powerhouse (makes energy for the cell - cellular respiration) • Two membranes (inner has many folds) • Produces ATP (energy) • Has own DNA • Found in large numbers in cells that require a lot of energy http://kdsell.pbworks.com/w/page/5722456/Mitochondria-The%20powerhouse

  19. Chloroplast • Found only in plant cells • Contain green pigment (chlorophyll) • Absorbs energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar (photosynthesis) http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/chloroplasts.html

  20. Nucleus • Function: • Command center • Instructions for making proteins • Structure: • Double membrane • Holes (nuclear pores) • Nucleolus (ribosomes made) • Holds genetic information • Chromosomes and DNA http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells.htm

  21. Nuclear Membrane • Nuclear envelope • Membrane surrounding nucleus • Regulates passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html

  22. Lysosome • Contain enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in the cell • Formed by Golgi Apparatus • Digest and recycle cells used components http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/lysosome.jpg

  23. Vacuole • Store water, nutrients (salts,proteins, carbohydrates), and waste materials • If present in animal cells, they are much smaller than in plant cells http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/vacuole.html

  24. Ribosomes • Site of protein synthesis • Found attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm • Most numerous organelle http://chaiyahong.blogspot.com/ http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/ribosomes/

  25. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Membrane system of sacs and tunnels • Transportation system for molecules • Stores proteins • Rough ER: has ribosomes attached • Smooth ER: has no attached ribosomes http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/Endoplasmic-Reticulum/

  26. Golgi Apparatus • Processing center (packaging and secretion) • Stacks of membranes • Movement of proteins • Modifies, packages, collects, and distributes molecules http://www.sciencecontrol.com/golgi-apparatus-function.html

  27. Cilia • Short, hair-like projections • Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cells/cells.htm

  28. Flagella • Long, whip-like projections • Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell http://sp.uconn.edu/~terry/229sp03/lectures/structure.html

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