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Enhancing Decision Support Systems with Pictorial Models and Programming Tools

This guide explores the use of Pictorial Models and programming tools like Excel, VBA, and IFPS in decision support systems. It emphasizes the importance of identifying decision criteria and customizing models for effective decision-making. The Pictorial Model illustrates relationships through diagrams and equations, while Excel offers quick solutions. VBA provides flexibility for more complex programming tasks, allowing for tailored user inputs. IFPS facilitates advanced analyses, improving user engagement and decision outcomes. Emphasis is placed on blending knowledge of tools with an understanding of business processes for optimal results.

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Enhancing Decision Support Systems with Pictorial Models and Programming Tools

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  1. Part IIISystem Analysis and Design; Programming • Decision Support Systems • Pictorial Model • Tools: Excel, VBA, IFPS *

  2. Decision Support Systems(1.2) • Supports Decisions • Must identify decision criteria (e.g., balance in check writing) • “Functions” for most frequently used (significant few) tools • Programming tools for “trivial many” customization

  3. Pictorial Model • Modeling (1.2) (Transformation Function, what is it? what are the significances of using this term?)

  4. Pictorial Model • Consists of Pictorial Diagram and equations (pp. 2-3, 5-2) • Uses numbers to identify equations and their sequence • The number of lines out of an attribute indicates its influence to the entire model.

  5. Pictorial Model • Boundary variables have no predecessor • Boundary variables will become “assumptions” in IFPS programs

  6. Tools: Excel • Quick solution; ready-to-use functions (e.g., pmt, stdevp) • Once set up, users can change input parameters (e.g., interest rate, loan amount) to “reuse” this “program” • Not as flexible but less knowledge in programming is needed.

  7. Tools: VBA • For any programming language, must know “input” and “output” first • All programs can be broken down to sequential, iterative (loops), and selection (if-then) • VBA uses spreadsheet as the source of data (input) and display of results (output) -- see handouts

  8. Tools: VBA • More flexible (e.g., length of annuity table does not have to be pre-determined) • Programming idiosyncrasies (e.g., ‘=‘ means assign and not equal) • Most fundamental functions: a=a+1 (counter) and sum=sum+a • for-next loop and if-then-else (see handouts)

  9. Standard Deviation Example • For Logical Design step, research the process by reading books (document) and look for formula (form) • Definitional Formula is easier to understand (why?) • Computational Formula is more efficient (why?)

  10. Tools: IFPS • 4GL (see 1.3 and 1.6) • Extract equations (i.e., business model) from descriptions • Organize the pictorial diagram starting with the goal (e.g., profit) and work backwards • Once the pictorial model is done, the IFPS program is basically done as well.

  11. Tools: IFPS • Compared to Excel, IFPS can do what-if analysis (manipulate input variables) as well • Goal seeking allows user to pre-determine the outcome and view the possible choice of input variables • Simple graphics and report generation for final decision making

  12. Economic Analysiswhy graphics? • Direction and Magnitude (slope of a curve, coefficient for regression line) • Graphics allow a quick view of the long-term trend • Knowledge of the attributes is more important than the knowledge of the tools • Knowledge of the tool enhances the ability to analyze

  13. Tools: IFPS • “Right” is subjective • Easy-to-use modeling tool (compared to Excel and VBA) allows the management to move into Physical Design and Implementation/ Testing stage (End-user development in Laudon chapter 11, p. 349)

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