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Study guide…

Study guide…. What type of tissue is blood? Name the 3 formed elements in blood and their functions. How does the structure of red blood cells relate to their function? List the white blood cells from the most to the least common.

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Study guide…

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  1. Study guide… • What type of tissue is blood? • Name the 3 formed elements in blood and their functions. • How does the structure of red blood cells relate to their function? • List the white blood cells from the most to the least common. • What are disorders of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets? • What are antigens, antibodies and blood transfusions? • How are ABO blood types determined? • What blood types are compatible for blood transfusions? • What is the Rh factor and how is this important to pregnancy?

  2. The Functions of the Circulatory System What is Inhaled? What is taken in? What is Exhaled? The Human Body Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Circulatory system Transport to and from all cells What is eliminated? What is excreted? Figure 7.1

  3. What type of tissue is blood? • Plasma (55%) • Water • Electrolytes • Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins) • Hormones • Gases • Nutrients and wastes • Formed elements (45%) • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Thrombocytes

  4. Red Blood Cells • Functions: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide • Origin: stem cells • Life span: 120 days in humans • Biconcave shape • Control of production: erythropoietin

  5. What is blood doping? • Goal is to increase athletic performance • Allows more efficient delivery of oxygen and reduces fatigue • EPO is injected into a person months prior to an athletic event • May cause death due to thickening of blood that leads to a heart attack

  6. What disorders involve RBC’s? • Anemia • Sickle-cell anemia • Hemolytic disease of the newborn

  7. White Blood Cells • Functions • Protection from infection • Regulation of the inflammatory reaction • Two Types • Granular: • Agranular:

  8. Blood smear for lab today…

  9. What disorders involve WBC’s? Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) Leukemia Infectious mononucleosis

  10. Thrombocytes-Hemostasis • Three Stages • Vascular spasm: constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow • Platelet plug formation: sealing of the ruptured blood vessel • Coagulation: formation of a blood clot

  11. What disorders involve platelets? Thromboembolism Hemophilia

  12. Blood Types Determine Blood Compatibility Figure 7.12

  13. Health Focus: What do you need to know about donating blood? Donating blood is a safe and sterile procedure Your health history will be reviewed beforehand Drink lots of water before and after donating! You will donate about a pint of blood You will replace the plasma in a few hours and the cells in a few weeks Your blood will at least be tested for multiple transmittable diseases

  14. Terminology to help understand ABO blood typing Antigen - a (foreign) substance that stimulates an immune response What type of molecule is the ID card on the surface of all cells? __________________________ Antibody – Y-shaped protein made in response to an antigen in the body

  15. What determines the A, B, AB or O blood type? Presence and/or absence of 2 blood antigens, A and B Type of antibodies present What can you say about someone with AB- blood?

  16. Blood typing lab

  17. How can you determine if blood types are compatible for a blood transfusion?

  18. Testing your understanding Can a person with blood type O accept blood type A without agglutination occurring? Why or why not? Why can people with AB blood type accept more blood types than people with type O, A or B? Which blood type is able to be used most often as a donor blood type? Why?

  19. When is the Rh factor important? During pregnancy under these conditions: Mom: Rh- Dad: Rh+ Fetus: Rh+ (possible with the parents above) Rh+ blood can leak from the fetus to the mother during birth causing the mother to make Rh antibodies This can be a problem if the mother has a second, third, etc. pregnancy Can lead to retardation and even death

  20. Visualizing how hemolytic disease of the newborn happens

  21. How can hemolytic disease of the newborn be prevented? Rh- women are given an injection of anti-Rh antibodies no later than 72 hours after birth to an Rh+ baby These antibodies attack fetal red blood cells in the mother before the mother’s immune system can make antibodies This will have to be repeated if an Rh- mother has another Rh+ baby

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