November 29, 2011

1. November 29, 2011 John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States (1825-1829), wrote in 1811:"The whole continent appears to be destined...to be peopled by one nation. The acquisition of a definite line of boundary to the [Pacific] forms a great epoch in our history." In 1845, John O'Sullivan, a New Yorker and editor of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review, wrote: "Away, away with all these cobweb tissues of rights of discovery, exploration, settlement, contiguity, etc. The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self-government entrusted to us. It is a right such as that of the tree to the space of air and earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth. ...It is in our future far more than in the past history of Spanish exploration or French colonial rights, that our True Title is to be found." Based on these quotations, what does the term “Manifest Destiny” mean?

2. November 29, 2011 EQs: What forces contributed to the development of Manifest Destiny as a philosophy? In what ways does the concept of Manifest Destiny evolve into an official foreign policy? Reminders: • Read Chapter 14 • Exam #3—Tuesday & Wednesday (12/6 & 12/7)

3. Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 • New intellectual and religious movements. • Social reforms. • Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. • Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization. • Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. • Increase in American nationalism. • Further westward expansion.

4. United States, 1840

5. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

6. Quote Analysis 1. Define "manifest destiny." What forces contributed to the commitment to American expansion? 2. Why did the United States go to war with Mexico? 3. How does President Polk justify an American declaration of war against Mexico? Do you find his explanation convincing? 4. What were American motives for waging the war? 5. Why did opponents oppose the war? 6. What were the political consequences of the Mexican War?

7. November 30, 2011 Answer based on yesterday… • What were the arguments for and against Manifest Destiny? • What are the political, social & economic implications of Manifest Destiny?

8. Martin Van Buren • 1837-1841 • Democrat • Panic of 1837 • Anti-bank • Refuses to add Texas

9. William Henry Harrison • 1841 • Whig • Longest inaugural address in history • Dies 4 weeks into term

10. John Tyler • 1841-1845 • Whig • Harrison’s VP • Not a true Whig

11. James K. Polk • 1845-1849 • Democrat • “Young Hickory” • Lower tariff • Independent Treasury • Clear up Oregon dispute • Annex California

12. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

13. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

14. Trails Westward

15. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

16. The Doomed Donner Party CANNIBALISM !!! Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen • Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! James Reed & Wife

17. Oregon • Disputed territory: 1818, Britain & U.S. agree to jointly claim ownership • 1840s: Majority of settlers are American

18. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!