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The Revolutionary War: Turning Points and Triumphs of the American Struggle for Independence

The Revolutionary War saw early British victories as they captured major colonial cities, leaving Washington's army in retreat. However, key American victories at Trenton and Princeton uplifted morale. The turning point came with the significant American victory at Saratoga, convincing France to support the colonists. Despite hardships at Valley Forge, foreign allies like von Steuben and Lafayette helped train the Continental Army. The war culminated with Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown and the Treaty of Paris in 1783, affirming American independence and setting a precedent for future liberty.

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The Revolutionary War: Turning Points and Triumphs of the American Struggle for Independence

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  1. Revolutionary War

  2. Early Defeats -British capture all major colonial cities New York Philadelphia Boston Charleston -Washington’s army in retreat and many desert *why fight a losing battle?

  3. Patriot Victories • -a few victories helped keep morale up • First American Victory: • -Dec. 1776 at Trenton • G.W. & men cross the frozen Delaware River on Christmas night • Battle lasted 1 hour, 1,000 Pow • -Jan. 1777 at Princeton • -General Howe= backup for G.W. • -Battle is over, Battle GB in Princeton- Driving them out of NJ for good

  4. Did you Know? The U.S. Navy was created during the American Revolution?

  5. -large British force defeated at SaratogaOct. 1777 -Surrounded by Americans -kept British near the coastline= Good place to have them -Surrendered but only 1/25 -helped colonists get French help in the war effort 1. Winning= support 2. Don’t like the British -turning point of the war- American Independence was Assured Turning Point

  6. Valley Forge -camp site of Washington’s army during winter of 1777-78. -British forces occupied nearby cities -many soldiers died of cold and starvation *2,500 out of 10,000 -Congress struggled to gain supplies for the army -lack of central gov’t- main authority

  7. Civilian Life -inflation: High prices for goods -shortage of goods because of no central Gov’t & they are boycotting British Goods -women took over the work of men, some had 3 jobs -some women helped the military effort “Molly Pitcher” -Folklore of Betsy Ross

  8. Foreign Help • -foreign military leaders offered professional training for the army • -Friedrich von Steuben • Prussian officer who trained patriot soldiers • Taught soldiers most modern Prussian methods of organization and tactics • -Marquis de Lafayette • led volunteer army from France • -G.W. at Valley Forge • -Really helped with F getting involved

  9. Southern Campaign -British strategy changed to splitting the colonies -Charleston captured by Cornwallis (he fought for the British Side) - Close enough to set city on fire: surrenederd -Kings Mtn Patriot Victory in NC “Over mountain men” -Cowpens Patriot Victory Entire British Force= Captured

  10. War’s End -Guilford Courthouse NC *costly British victory: losses too much to bear for Cornwallis * Nathaniel Greene -retreat to Yorktown VA -surrounded by French and Americans -Cornwallis surrenders Oct, 1781 *2nd Time British Surrender in AMerica

  11. Treaty of Paris -Treaty of Paris 1783 1. Officially ended American Revolution 2. recognized U.S. independence (Mississippi to Florida) -set boundaries to the Mississippi 3. America will respect property of Loyalist & allow British merchants to collect debts -some provisions of the treaty will lead to trouble later

  12. Symbol to the World -liberty -freedom -equality -opportunity -belief in a greater cause -set a precedent for the American future *Next Up: Writing a New Gov’t for the newly independent Colonies- Articles of Confederation

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