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The Revolutionary War: Early Defeats, Turning Points, and the Path to Independence

The Revolutionary War witnessed significant early defeats for the colonists, with British forces capturing key cities: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. Washington's retreat following the loss in New York highlighted the challenges faced by the Continental Army. However, the tide began to turn with pivotal victories at Trenton and Princeton in late 1776. The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 proved critical, securing French support. Amidst hardship at Valley Forge, American resolve grew, leading to ultimate success at Yorktown and the Treaty of Paris, establishing independence and inspiring global movements for liberty.

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The Revolutionary War: Early Defeats, Turning Points, and the Path to Independence

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  1. REVOLUTIONARY WAR Early Defeats a. British Early – British capture all of the major colonial cities – New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston b. Washington’s Retreat – Washington’s army began the retreat after the defeat of New York c. British Early Strategy – To cut the head off of the snake, divide the New England colonies (troublemakers) from the others

  2. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 2. Patriot Victories a. Not many – just enough to keep the hope alive b. Dec 1776 – Trenton; British are upset at the tactics of the Rebels c. Jan 1777 – Princeton; again not playing by the rules

  3. REVOLUTIONARY WAR Turning Point of the War a. The Battle of Saratoga – Large British force is defeated at Saratoga in Oct 1777; gave France and the rest of Europe reason to support the war in America

  4. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 4. Valley Forge a. Campsite– Washington’s army spent the winter of ‘77-’78 b. British forces occupied nearby cities c. Starvation– many of the American soldiers died of cold and starvation d. Congress– struggled to gain supplies for the forces; lack of gov’t

  5. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 5. Civilian life a. Inflation– prices soared in the colonies and shortages occurred b. Women– took over the main jobs of men who were at war

  6. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 6. Foreign Help France – Marquis de Lafayette led a volunteer army from France b. Prussia– Friedrich von Steuben trained patriot soldiers c. Casmir Pulaski – led and trained American soldiers

  7. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 7. Southern Campaign a. Southern Strategy – the British tried to divide the southern colonies b. Charleston– Captured by Cornwallis c. Kings Mountain – Won by the Patriots; kept the British out of North Carolina d. Cowpens– Patriot victory

  8. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 8. War’s End a. Battle of Guilford Courthouse – costly British victory, signaled the retreat of Cornwallis b. Yorktown– Cornwallis is surrounded by America and its allies c. French– French navy controls the coast line and won’t allow Cornwallis to escape by sea d. Washington– drives hard from the northwest e. Green– driving up out of the southwest

  9. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 9. Treaty of Paris a. Treaty of Paris, 1783 – recognized US independence b. set boundaries between Canada and the US, set boundaries to the Mississippi c. Will not resolve issues that will re-surface; boundaries, impressment

  10. REVOLUTIONARY WAR 10. Symbol to the world a. Liberty, Freedom, Equality, Opportunity b. Belief in a greater cause c. Set a precedent for the American future

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