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Understanding Protein Folding and Mutations: Key Concepts and Functions

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clive
14 diapositives · 299 Views · Jul 30, 2014

Explore the intricate levels of protein folding, from primary to quaternary structures, and delve into the types of bonds that define each level. Learn about the functions of proteins and how mutations can have varying effects on organisms. We address both gene and chromosomal mutations, their causes, and implications, including beneficial and harmful mutations. Additionally, we discuss gene therapy and its potential benefits and ethical concerns, particularly in treating conditions like cystic fibrosis.

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  1. Skills Review #5 and #6

  2. Skills Review • #5 and #6 • Name the first level of protein folding. • Name the second level of protein folding. • Name the third level of protein folding. • Name the fourth level of protein folding. • Give an example of the first level of protein structure. • What kind of bonds exist in the first level?

  3. Skills Review • #5 and #6 • Give an example of the second level of protein folding. • What kinds of bond(s) exist in the second level? • Give an example of the third level of protein folding. • What kinds of bond(s) exist in the third level? • Give an example of the fourth level of protein folding. • What kinds of bond(s) exist in the fourth level?

  4. Skills Review • #5 and #6 • Name a function of proteins. • Name a second function of proteins. • Name a third function of proteins. • Name a fourth function of proteins.

  5. Mutation Pages 307-308 By PresenterMedia.com

  6. Mutations • Some are positive • Some are negative • Some have no effect • Amino acids have multiple codons • Pick a number 1-10… • Mutagen= Chemical or physical agent that causes a mutation • ?

  7. Mutagens • Chemical or physical agent • Chemical agents • Benzene, formaldehyde • Plant alkaloids-corn lily • Smoke • Pollutants • Physical agents • Xrays • Buster Brown Shoes • UV Light • Radiation

  8. Harmful effects of mutation 2. Sickle cell 1. Cancer

  9. Beneficial effects Beneficial to whom? • Resistance to pesticides • Bed bugs • Resistance to antibiotics • MRSA, VISA, VRSA • Plant and animal breeders • Polyploidy • Plants are larger and stronger Triploid watermelons are sterile!

  10. Mutations • 2 different types of mutations • Gene mutations • Changes at the base level • Chromosomal mutations • Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

  11. Gene Mutations 1. Point mutation • Substitution • Changes in a single gene • CTC glutamic acid hydrophilic • A is substituted for T • CAC valine hydrophobic • Causes sickle cell disease • The fat man ate the hot bbq rib. • The fit man ate the hot bbq rib.

  12. Gene mutations Frame shift mutations 2. Insertion • The fat man ate the hot bbq rib. • The fat emanat eth ehotbbqri b. 3. Deletion • The fat man ate the hot bbq rib. • The ftmanatethehotbbqr ib.

  13. Chromosomal mutations • Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes 1. Deletion • ACDEF 2. Duplication • ABBCDEF 3. Inversion • AEDCBF 4. Translocation • ABCJKL

  14. Gene Therapy Good or Evil? • Gene Therapy • Cystic Fibrosis