Verbs in the Present Tense

1. Verbs in the Present Tense First conjugation: -ar (Los verbos en el tiempo presente)

2. 1 The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb The Spanish infinitive always ends in r Theinfinitive: The whole verb. For example, to speak, to work, to sing, etc.

3. The Spanish infinitive always ends in r hablar comer escribir cantar aprender leer salir conocer costar correr finalizar freír The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

4. 2 The ending always consists of two letters. The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb The ending: The last two letters of the infinitive.

5. ar ir er er ar ir ar er er ar er ir The ending always consists of two letters hablar comer escribir cantar aprender leer hablar comer escribir cantar aprender leer salir conocer costar correr finalizar freír salir conocer costar correr finalizar freír The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb There are three types or categories of verbs in Spanish: those that end in ar, those that end in er, and those that end in ir

6. 3 The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb The stem can consist ofa variable number of letters, depending on the length of the verb in question. Thestem or root: Whatever is left after removing the ending from the infinitive.

7. The infinitive – the ending = thestem hablar comer escribir cantar aprender leer salir conocer costar correr finalizar freír The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

8. ¡No te olvides! Don't forget! 1 estudiar Theending: The last two letters of the infinitive. The fundamental parts of the verb 2 ar Thestem: What is left after taking the ending from the infinitive. 3 The infinitive: The basic, unconjugated form of the verb. estudi

9. Verb Conjugation To conjugate: To put a verb in its correct person and number so that we know who is doing the action. When we conjugate any verb we always begin with itsstem.

10. Regular verbs in the Present Tense(-ar) The following verbs are regular -ar verbs and are conjugated according to the pattern in the following slides. hablar llegar to arrive to speak to look at ayudar to help mirar to dance bailar nadar to swim to look for buscar necesitar to need to walk preparar caminar to prepare to buy comprar regresar to return conversar to converse tomar to take or to drink enseñar to teach trabajar to work escuchar to listen estudiar to study viajar to travel

11. Uds. Ud. ellos él ellas ella Regular verbs in the Present Tense(-ar) All persons and numbers are based on the stem. yo nosotros/as h a a bl o habl a a mos vosotros/as tú h a a bl as habl á á is h a a bl a h a a bl an hablar Notice which vowel gets the emphasis!

12. Regular verbs in the Present Tense(-ar) Its stem? a a j o a a mos trab trabaj a a j as trabaj á á is trab trab a a j a trab a a j an The emphasis? trabajar

13. Regular verbs in the Present Tense(-ar) Its stem? busc b u u sc a a mos o as b u u sc busc á á is b u u sc a b u u sc an The emphasis? buscar

14. Regular verbs in the Present Tense(-ar) Its stem? mos est u u di o a a estudi estudi est u u di as á á is u u di a est u u di an est The emphasis? estudiar

15. Verb usage The Spanish present indicative tense has several equivalents in English. As in English, it can express present habitual actions: Estudiamos español en la universidad. We study Spanish at the university. But, unlike English, it can also express ongoing actions: En este momento estudiamos en la biblioteca. Right now we’re studying in the library. It can even express future actions: Esta noche estudiamos para el examen. Tonight we will study for the exam.

16. Regular Present Tense -er and –irVerbs

17. There are three types of regular verbs in Spanish: verbs that end in –ar, verbs that end in –er, and verbs that end in –ir. You’ve already learned –ar verbs: yo hablo nosotros hablamos tú hablas vosotros habláis él, ella habla ellos hablan

18. Now for –er verbs: To form –er verbs, take off the –er and then add the following endings: comer (to eat) -o -emos como comemos -es -éis comes coméis -e -en come comen Notice that the only difference between –er verbs and –ar verbs is that you use e’s instead of a’s: -ar -er -o -amos -o -emos -as -áis -es -éis -a -an -e -en

19. Now for –ir verbs. Drop the –ir and add the following endings: abrir (to open) -o -imos abro abrimos -es -ís abres abrís -e -en abre abren Do you see what the difference is between –er and –ir verbs? They’re just alike except for the nosotros and vosotros forms: -er-ir -o -emos -o -imos -es -éis -es -ís -e -en -e -en

20. So the only difference between –ar verbs and –er verbs is that you use e’s instead of a’s in the –er verbs. And the only difference between –er verbs and –ir verbs is the nosotros and vosotros forms.

21. So when you’re conjugating verbs, be sure you know if the infinitive (the form ending in –ar or –er or -ir; e.g., hablar and comer and abrir are infinitives) ends with an –ar, –er, or –ir so you’ll know what ending to put on it: You talk: hablasHABLAR we talk: hablamos You eat: comesCOMER we eat: comemos You open: abresABRIRwe open: abrimos

22. Irregular Verbs

23. Verbos Irregulares • Remember that some verbs in Spanish are irregular in the first person singular of the present tense. • Look at the following examples…

24. Conocer Dar Hacer Poner Saber Salir Traer Ver Caer Give the “yo” form… Conozco Doy Hago Pongo Sé Salgo Traigo Veo Caigo Verbos Irregulares

25. Verbos Irregulares • Also, there are some verbs in Spanish that are irregular in all the persons of the present tense:

26. soy eres es somos sois son SER

27. voy vas va vamos vais van IR

28. digo dices dice decimos decís dicen DECIR

29. estoy estás está estamos estáis están ESTAR

30. oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen OÍR

31. tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen TENER

32. Conjugate stem changers in the present tense Grammar essential #37

33. Stem changing infinitives Stem changing infinitives are named for what they do– change in the stem. You are going to make some alteration of the stem before adding the verb endings. You will use the endings you already know. The hardest part of stem changers is knowing which ones change and which ones don’t.

34. Stem changers There are 4 different ways a stem changing infinitive can change (4 categories). The first is uue. It is the smallest category with only one infinitive jugar = to play (sports)

35. Jugar = to play (sports) Separate the stem and the infintive ending. Jug- is the stem Make the stem change uue The new stem is jueg- Put it in the conjugation box EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros. Nosotros and Vosotros do not make the stem change.

36. Jugar = to play sports Now just add the regular –ar endings.

37. Jugar = to play sports

38. Stem changers The second category is one of the largest. It is oue. Encontrar = to find is a stem changer. It is the same steps as jugar. Other examples include: acostar (to lie down), almorzar (to eat lunch), contar(to count), costar (to cost), devolver (to return something), dormir (to sleep), poder (can/to be able to), volver (to return)

39. Encontrar = to find First separate the stem from the infinitive ending. Encontr- is the stem. Make the stem change oue New stem encuentr- Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.

40. Encontrar = to find

41. Stem changers The third category is again large. It is eie. preferir = to prefer is a stem changer. It is the same steps as jugar. *When there is more than one vowel that could possible make the change, choose the vowel closest to the verb ending.

42. Other e ie verbs Cerrar (to close), Comenzar (to begin), Despertar (to wake up), Divertir (to entertain/ amuse), Empezar (to begin), Entender (to understand), Pensar (to think), Perder (to lose), Querer (to want), Recomendar (to recommend)

43. Preferir = to prefer First separate the stem from the infinitive ending. prefer- is the stem. Make the stem change eie New stem prefier- Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.

44. preferir = to prefer

45. Stem changers The last category is a smaller one. It is ei. servir = to serve is a stem changer. It is the same steps as jugar.

46. servir = to serve First separate the stem from the infinitive ending. serv- is the stem. Make the stem change ei New stem sirv- Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.

47. servir = to serve

48. ei There are some rules that can help you distinguish between e i and e ie. In order to be e i, the infinitive must end in –ir. Now, that could be other categories as well, but –ar and –er cannot be e i . MR C VeSPeRS is also a way to help if you are needing a pneumonic device.

49. MR. C VeSPeRS M- medir (to measure) R – reír (to laugh) C – conseguir (To get/ to obtain) V – vestir(se) (to dress) S- servir (to serve) P – pedir (to ask for) R- repetir ( to repeat) S- seguir (to follow/ to continue)

50. E I Verbs MR. C VeSPeRS does not include all the stem changers in this category. Another infinitive is Sonreír (to smile)