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Sentence of the Week Presentation

Learn the basics of subject-verb agreement in English sentences, including singular and plural subjects, collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and more.

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Sentence of the Week Presentation

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  1. Sentence of the Week Presentation English 11

  2. Week #1 • What did you notice? • This week’s focus is subject-verb agreement • Parts of speech build sentences • What is a sentence? • Clause • Phrase

  3. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENTTHE BASICS • A SINGULAR SUBJECT NEEDS A SINGULAR VERB • THE GIRL (SINGULAR SUBJECT) READS (SINGULAR VERB) MYSTERY STORIES. • A PLURAL SUBJECT NEEDS A PLURAL VERB • THE GIRLS (PLURAL SUBJECT) READ (PLURAL VERB) MYSTERY STORIES. • HE/THEY TRICK

  4. LET’S BEGIN • Do a basic diagram • The simple subject must match the simple verb • Singular subjects require singular verbs • Plural subjects require plural verbs • The dog is black. The dogs are black. • Simple, right?

  5. IF ONLY LIFE WERE THAT SIMPLE • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY PLURAL WORDS THAT COME AFTER THE VERB • MY BIGGEST PROBLEM (IS/ARE) THE MANY INCOMPLETE HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS I NEED TO FINISH.

  6. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY PLURAL WORDS THAT COME BETWEEN A SINGULAR SUBJECT AND THE VERB • THE TOPIC OF THESE FOUR BOOKS (IS/ARE) HORSES. • EACH OF THE BIKES (HAS/HAVE) NEW TIRES.

  7. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY SUBJECTS THAT COME AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE. • STANDING AT THE BACK OF THE ROOM (WAS/WERE) MY PARENTS. • AT THE END OF MOST OF OUR TEAM’S GAMES (COME/COMES) VICTORY’S SWEETNESS.

  8. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY PHRASES SUCH AS “ALONG WITH”, “TOGETHER WITH”, “ACCOMPANIED BY”, “AS WELL AS”, “INCLUDING”, AND “IN ADDITION TO” • TENITA, AS WELL AS MIKE, (PLAY/PLAYS) BASKETBALL WELL.

  9. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY A “NOT” PHRASE. • I, NOT YOU, (AM/ARE) LATE.

  10. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY COLLECTIVE NOUNS • FAMILY, ORCHESTRA, GROUP, COMMITTEE, JURY, CROWD, HERD, AUDIENCE, PAIR, SQUAD • WHETHER THE NOUN IS PLURAL OR SINGULAR DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE SENTENCE REFERS TO THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OR THE GROUP AS A WHOLE.

  11. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY NOUNS OF AMOUNT • THESE ARE LIKE COLLECTIVE NOUNS – ARE THEY INDIVIDUAL OR THE WHOLE • FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS IS A LOT OF MONEY. • WE HAVE A PROBLEM: FIVE HUNDRED-DOLLAR BILLS ARE MISSING.

  12. Let’s Practice • The family (live/lives) on Elm Street. • The orchestra (tune/tunes) its instruments. • My pair of scissors (is/are) lost. • Eight pounds of grapes (is/are) a lot of grapes. • One of the Martin twins (is/are) absent today. • (Do/Does) either of the Joneses live here?

  13. Recap Week #1 • Find the simple subject and the simple verb no matter where they are in the sentence – do a simple diagram • Nothing else in the sentence is relevant • Reread the sentence to be sure you understand the intent in collective nouns or nouns of amount • Match the subject (singular or plural) with the verb (singular or plural) • Practice

  14. Week #2 and #3MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. • “I” AND “YOU” REFER TO SPECIFIC PEOPLE. SOME OTHER PRONOUNS POINT TO NON-SPECIFIC PEOPLE—SOMEONE, ANYONE, NOBODY, EVERYBODY(INDEFINITE PRONOUNS)

  15. MORE ISSUES • PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH “ANY”, “NO”, “EVERY”, AND “SOME” ARE ALWAYS SINGULAR. • EVERYBODY IS COMING. • “EACH”, “ANOTHER”, “EITHER”, “NEITHER”, “LITTLE”, “MUCH” ARE ALWAYS SINGULAR. • LITTLE IS HAPPENING BECAUSE NEITHER OF MY FRIENDS IS HERE.

  16. MORE ISSUES • “BOTH”, “SEVERAL”, “FEW”, “MANY”, “MOST”, “OTHERS” ARE PLURAL • “ANY”, “MORE”, “SOME”, “ENOUGH”, “ALL”, “MOST”, “WHO”, “HALF”, “NONE” ARE EITHER SINGULAR OR PLURAL.

  17. EITHER/ORNEITHER/NOR • THESE DEPEND UPON THE REST OF THE SENTENCE FOR DETERMINATION. • IF BOTH PARTS ARE SINGULAR – USE A SINGULAR VERB (EITHER RYAN OR WESLEY IS HERE.) • IF BOTH PARTS ARE PLURAL- USE A PLURAL VERB (NEITHER THE BOYS NOR THE GIRLS ARE HERE.)

  18. EITHER AND NEITHER • IF ONE PART IS SINGULAR AND ONE IS PLURAL TAKE THE NOUN CLOSEST TO THE VERB AND MAKE THE VERB AGREE. • NEITHER THE BOYS NOR THEIR MOTHER (IS/ARE) HERE. • NEITHER THE MOTHER NOR HER SONS (IS/ARE) HERE.

  19. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY NOUN PHRASES REFERRING TO A SINGLE UNIT. • SINGULAR PHRASE = SINGULAR VERB • SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS (IS/ARE) MY FAVORITE DINNER.

  20. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY NOUNS THAT LOOK PLURAL BUT ARE ACTUALLY SINGULAR. • THE NEWS (IS/ARE) BAD. • MEASLES (IS/ARE) CONTAGIOUS. • MATHEMATICS (IS/ARE) MY EASIEST CLASS.

  21. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY SOME “-ICS” NOUNS THAT CAN BE EITHER SINGULAR OR PLURAL. • POLITICS (IS/ARE) AN INTERESTING CAREER. • THE POLITICS IN THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN (WAS/WERE) MIGHTY DIRTY.

  22. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY THE PLURAL FORMS OF FOREIGN WORDS. • THE DATA (SHOW/SHOWS) THAT BOYS WATCH MORE SPORTS ON TV THAN GIRLS WATCH. • DATUM IS SINGULAR – DATA IS PLURAL

  23. MORE ISSUES • DON’T BE CONFUSED BY MATHEMATICAL PHRASES. • ONE AND ONE (IS/ARE) TWO. • FIVE TIMES SIX (IS/ARE) THIRTY.

  24. Recap Week #2 And #3 • Memorize the “inconsistent” rules • Simple subject singular (at least in meaning) = singular verb • Plural subject (at least in meaning) = plural verb • Multiple nouns – work with the one closest to the verb • Any-, every-, no-, some- always singular

  25. Practice Week #2 • Macaroni and Cheese are Emily’s favorite do-it-yourself dinner. • The only problem we 500 campers have are the hundreds of wasps swarming around our ten campsites. • Standing there looking happy was Wesley and Austin. • Only one out of four kids in America eat a healthy diet.

  26. Practice Week #2 • I can’t find my catcher’s glove; I hope either David or the Joneses has it. • The company Video Games Galore are holding their annual picnic on Thursday.

  27. Practice Week #3 • There has been many child prodigies in music. • Few, however, has been able to sustain a career as Midori has done. • Concerts and recitals seems to leaver her little time for other activities. • Nevertheless, neither practice nor a busy professional calendar has kept her from fulfilling other commitments.

  28. Practice Week #3 • To expose children to classical music are one of her important goals. • Her foundation, Midori and Friends, concentrate on bringing music to schools all over New York City. • Her group travel all over the city, delighting students with the beauty of her classical tradition.

  29. Practice Week #3 • Works by composers of many nationalities and from several centuries makes her concerts interesting. • The arts boasts of few individuals who have contributed more in so short a time. • Here, indeed, are an amazing artist and individual.

  30. Week #4 • Verb Tenses • three simple tenses • three perfect tenses • Demonstrate sequence of events; help to understand cause/effect • Present tense • I talk, you talk, he talks, we talk • Use to describe an action or state of being, one regularly occurring, future if modifying adverb/adverbial phrase

  31. Week #4 • Past tense • Add –ed to present (regular verbs only) • I talked, you talked, he talked, we talked • Use when action or being began and ended in past • Future tense • Add “will” or “shall” to the present • I will/shall talk, you will/shall talk, we will/shall talk • Use when action or being will take place after present moment

  32. Week #4 • Present perfect tense • Add “has” or “have” to past participle • I have talked, we have talked • Use to express an action or being completed at an indefinite time in the past or one that started in the past and continues into the present

  33. Week #4 • Past perfect tense • Add “had” to the past participle • I had talked, we had talked • Use to express a past action or being that occurred before another in the past • Gandhi had embraced the principles of nonviolent protest long before he organized a demonstration against an unfair tax.

  34. Week #4 • Future perfect tense • Add “will have” or “shall have” to past participle • I will/shall have talked; we will/shall have talked • Use to express a future action or being that will take place before another in the future • By the year 2010, Gandhi’s reforms will have been in practice for more than 60 years.

  35. Week #4 • When Graham swimmed in Amsterdam, he rammed into a dam. • Past tense • Wellington has recently sang a bouncy song about Ping-Pong. • Past participle (completed action) • Last night Otis dreamt about croaking toads. • Past

  36. Week #4 • Instead of eating his tomatoes for supper, Tupper drunk a bottle of ketchup. • Past • Cousin Nell, who always pretends she’s a pail, has fell into the well. • Perfect present • Hank’s bloated goldfish has sank to the bottom of the tank. • Past participle • Cousin Nell, who always pretends she’s a pail, has fell into the well. • Hank’s bloated goldfish has sank to the bottom of the tank.

  37. Week #5 • Phrases • Verbal phrases • Participial Phrases • Verb that functions as an adjective • Present participle - -ing • The falling prices were good news for would-be buyers. • Past participle - -ed or –d • The improved designs made the automobile cheaper and more reliable.

  38. Week #5 • Participial Phrases as Adjectives • Launching the first moving assemblyline, Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry. • Absolute Phrase • No grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence. Usually relates by providing details about circumstances or time. • Its popularity waning, the Model T was retired from production in 1927.

  39. Week #5 • Gerunds • Verbal that ends in –ing and functions as a noun. • Skiing is a winter sport. • Gerunds and present participles end in –ing. Look for function to determine type. • What does a blinking cursor mean? • Blinking can be a sign of eye strain.

  40. Week #5 • Infinitive Phrases • Usually begins with the word “to” and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb • In 1995, Eileen Collins became the first female pilot to command a space mission. • Try not to split infinitives. • Astronauts need to rigorously train for space missions. • Astronauts need to train rigorously for space missions.

  41. Week #6 • Review of phrases, quiz issues • Active and Passive Voice • THE BALL WAS HIT. (BY WHOM) • PASSIVE • TUCKER HIT THE BALL. • ACTIVE • CIGARETTE TAXES WILL BE RAISED. • PASSIVE • CONGRESS WILL RAISE TAXES ON CIGARETTES. • ACTIVE

  42. Week #6 Practice • Identify as active or passive voice • War was declared because of the terrorist attack on 9-11. • Your request for a promotion was approved. • George W. Bush’s tax cuts were not renewed.

  43. Week #7Sentence Structure • CLAUSES AND PHRASES PUT TOGETHER LOGICALLY • INDEPENDENT CLAUSES VERSUS DEPENDENT CLAUSES • SINGLE WORDS CAN MAKE DEPENDENT CLAUSES, INDEPENDENT • AS HE RAN ACROSS THE ROOM (LOSE THE “AS”)

  44. Sentence Structure Punctuation • INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD) • INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (COMMA) AND, BUT, OR, SO, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD) • INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (SEMICOLON) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD) • INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (COMMA) DEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD) • DEPENDENT CLAUSE (COMMA) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (PERIOD)

  45. SENTENCE STRUCTURE EXAMPLES • Week 7 examples • Mimic the examples

  46. SOW #7 Examples • Brutus missed his bus he had to ride a drooling mule to school. • Darlene needs dental work she eats ice she also chews on broomsticks and marbles. • Some self-conscious warthogs get nose jobs they think that good looks will gain them more friends.

  47. #7 Comma RulesComma in a Series • IN A SERIES OF THREE OR MORE ITEMS, USE A COMMA AFTER EVERY ITEM (LAST ONE OPTIONAL) • ROCKS, SNAGS, AND SHOALS CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO BOATS. • NO COMMAS ARE NEEDED IF THE ITEMS IN A SERIES ARE JOINED BY AND, OR, OR NOR. • SEMI-COLONS AND COMMA SERIES

  48. #7 Examples • Aunt Tallulah talks to her tulips she also puts party hats on her petunias. • My bus driver who acts like she’s crazy. Such as when she playfully drives towards pedestrians. • Trace thinks that space aliens hide in many places. For example, inside of the small intestines of hamsters.

  49. #8Comma Rules • USE A COMMA AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY WORD OR MILD INTERJECTION AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE: (NO, OUR CREW WAS UNABLE TO CALL FOR HELP.) • USE A COMMA AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE THAT CONTAINS ONE OR MORE ADDITIONAL PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES: (IN THE SPRING OF 1930, MARINE SCIENCE TOOK A GIANT STEP FORWARD.)

  50. #8 Comma Rules • USE A COMMA AFTER A VERBAL PHRASE AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE. (TO MAKE THE HALF-MILE DIVE, SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS DESIGNED A DEEP-SEA VEHICLE.) • USE A COMMA AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY ADVERB OR ADVERB CLAUSE AT THE BEGINNING UNLESS IT IS THE SUBJECT. (FORTUNATELY, THE VEHICLE WORKED WELL.)

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