1. Parts of the Sentence Review

2. Sentence Parts Review SUBJECT: Noun phrase that tells who or what the sentence is about. PREDICATE: Verb phrase that tells what happened to the subject.

3. Sentence Parts Review DIRECT OBJECT: Noun phrase that receives the action of a transitive verb. INDIRECT OBJECT: Noun phrase that tells for whom or to whom a direct object was _______. OBJECT COMPLEMENT: A noun or adjective that renames or further describes the direct object.

4. Sentence Parts Review • PREDICATE NOUN: A noun which follows a linking verb and renames the subject of the sentence. (Subject Complement) • PREDICATE ADJECTIVE: An adjective which follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. (Subject Complement)

5. Label the following sentences: Ernest Hemingway wrote in a terse style. The chef prepared lasagna. I brought my brother a souvenir from my trip. I chose the color purple. My favorite food is goulash. She stores the onions in the cellar.

6. PHRASES add more detail to a sentence that an adjective or adverb alone cannot convey Definition a group of words that does not include a subject and verb and cannot stand alone as a sentence 5 kinds of phrases: prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, and infinitive

7. What do phrases include? Headword (which names the phrase) + Other words (modifiers, conj., prep. phrases) • Prepositional phrase headword = preposition • Appositive phrase headword = appositive • Gerund phrase headword = gerund

8. APPOSITIVE PHRASES Definition noun or pronoun (appositive headword)+ modifiers (adjectives, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases) that adds information to a sentence Function IDENTIFYING or RENAMING some noun or pronoun in the sentence. They rename S, DO, PN, OC (anything that can be a noun or a pronoun).

9. Example Sentences Ernest Hemingway, a famous author, wrote in a terse style. The chef prepared lasagna, an Italian dish. I brought my brother, a boy of six, a souvenir from my trip. I chose the color purple, an unusual color. My favorite food is goulash, a hearty stew. She stores the onions in the cellar, a cool, dry place.

10. APPOSITIVE PHRASES Definition  noun or pronoun (appositive headword) with modifiers (adjectives, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases) that adds information to a sentence Function IDENTIFYING or RENAMING some noun or pronoun in the sentence. They rename the subject, direct object, indirect object, object complement, predicate noun, noun/pronoun in a prepositional phrase

11. Punctuation of Appositives If the information is essential to the meaning of the sentence, do not place commas around the appositive The popular US president John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. Essential Information: Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "The popular US president was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches." We wouldn't know which president without the appositive.

12. Punctuation of Appositives If the sentence would be clear and complete without the appositive, then commas are necessary; place one before and one after the appositive. John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. Non-Essential: Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches." We still know who the subject of the sentence is without the appositive.

13. Identify Appositives & Appositive Phrases Anna Maria, a new student from Nicaragua, likes science class. The Hays High Steppers, our school dance team, will be holding auditions this afternoon. My sister Mona talked about farming, her new obsession.

14. Practice My friend John just got a new car, a 2001 Volvo. Nigel, her cousin, will enroll at NC State, the best vet school in the country. The next book in the series is the best one, Curious George Goes to the Zoo.

15. Practice She is practicing calligraphy, a form of writing. Her parents are sending her on a European trip, a generous gift. Mrs. Wu, my English teacher, is introducing gerunds.

16. Appositive goes in parenthesis next to the noun it is renaming. Modifiers of the appositive phrase hang from it. Diagramming Appositive Phrases