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Parts of Speech and Parts of the Sentence

Parts of Speech and Parts of the Sentence. They ARE different!. What is the difference between a “ part of speech ” and a “part of the sentence ”?. Part of Speech : every word in a sentence has a label depending on its position and what it is doing in the sentence. Example: My dog has fleas.

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Parts of Speech and Parts of the Sentence

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  1. Parts of Speech and Parts of the Sentence They ARE different!

  2. What is the difference between a “part of speech” and a “part of the sentence”?

  3. Part of Speech: every word in a sentence has a label depending on its position and what it is doing in the sentence Example: My dog has fleas. Pronoun noun verb noun

  4. Part of Sentence • Every sentence is divided into a subject and a predicate. • Subject= who or what the sentence is about (always a noun or pronoun) • Predicate=the action of the sentence; what the subject does • Example: My dog has fleas. SubjectPredicate

  5. Parts of Speech • Nouns • Pronouns • Adjectives • Verbs • Adverbs • Prepositions • Conjunctions • Interjections

  6. Nouns • Naming words • Person, Place, Thing, or Idea • Anything that you can see, feel, touch, smell, hear!

  7. Persons • Mrs. Chalkley--- teacher • Sarah—girl • Tom—boy • Grandmother • Grandfather

  8. Places • Hagerstown—city • Antietam Battle Field—park • Maryland--state

  9. Things • Car, boat, train, plane • dog, cat, cow • bracelet, beads • dish, pan

  10. Ideas • Difficult to pin down • Democracy, freedom, happiness • You know they exist, but you can’t touch them! You can see the outward signs (flag, smile)

  11. Pronouns Not just nouns that went professional!

  12. Pronoun • A word that takes the place of a noun • Think of it as a “stunt double” for the noun • Without pronouns, your sentences would sound awkward: • Marcia told John that Marcia liked John’s story better than Marcia liked Marcia’s story. Better: • Marcia toldJohnthat she liked hisstory better than sheliked hers.

  13. Pronoun Antecedent • The noun that the pronoun refers to • “Ante” means before—the antecedent will always come before the pronoun—sometimes even a couple sentences before! • EX: When the moped stalled, I gave it a swift kick. • Pronoun “it” refers to the noun “moped”

  14. Adjective (modifier) • Give extra information about nouns and pronouns • Usually found directly before or after the noun or pronoun • How? • Describing • Indentifying • Quantifying

  15. Articles—most common adjectives • A, an, the They announce the arrival of a noun! You will not find them in a sentence without a noun following (may have another adjective between the article and the noun!)

  16. Types of Adjectives: Describing • Answer the question “What kind?” Examples: The foolish friend The blue fish An enormous elephant The sky is blue.

  17. Identifying • Answers the question “which one?” That guy These foods Those creatures

  18. Quantifying • Answers the question “how many? • Numerous bugs Several books Many occasions Four classes

  19. Verbs What’s happening in the sentence.

  20. Verb • A word that is used to express action or a state of being. • Found in the predicate part of a sentence. • If no verb--can’t be a sentence!

  21. Types of Verbs • Action • Sam threw the ball. • Linking • Sam istired.

  22. Action Verbs: Mental or Physical Action? • Physical action: you can see or feel the action • Throw, run, hop, ride, sleep • Mental action: you can’t see the action • Think, wish, want

  23. Verb cont. • Helping Verbs • Memorize the 23 helping verbs! Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been Group 2: has, have, had Group 3: do, does, did Group 4: shall, will, should, would Group 5: may, might, must, can, could

  24. Why “helping” verb? • Tells the reader when the action happens: • Present • Past • Future

  25. Example of Helping Verb use • I will fly to Texas. • I flew to Texas last week. • I am flying to Texas.

  26. Common Linking Verbs • Is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been (the verb “to be” • appear, become,feel, seem, smell, taste, and sound.

  27. Linking Verbs • They express states of being—what is, will be, or was • Think of them as a giant equal ( = ) sign in your sentence. • Example: • I am tired. • I = tired.

  28. Adverbs • Modify verbs by answering the question “how?” Joe speaks loudly when he is excited. How does Joe speak? Loudly

  29. Adverbs continued… • Adverbs can also modify: • Adjectives • Adverbs • And entire phrases

  30. Examples • Joe had a really great time at the party. • How great a time? A really great… great is an adjective modifying time… • Joe turned me out very rudely after I started talking. How rudely? Very rudely How did he tune me out? rudely

  31. Important! • If a word ends in ‘ly,” it probably is an adverb!!!

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