Hip and Pelvis

1. Hip and Pelvis Chapter 6

2. Hip AP • Facility Identification • Correct Marker Placement • No Preventable Artifacts • Correct Film Size (10 x 12 lw unless indicated)

3. Hip AP • Density • Controlled by mAs • Overall the density is not too dark or too light • Contrast • Optimal kVp 75-85 • Bony trabecular patters and cortical outlines visualized as well as soft tissues (fat pads) of the hip are demonstrated

4. Hip AP • Pelvis is in true AP projection • The ischial spine is aligned with the pelvic brim • The sacrum and coccyx are aligned with the symphysis pubis • The obturator foramen is open

5. Hip AP • Detecting rotation toward the affected hip • If the ischial spine is demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition • The sacrum and coccyx are rotated away from the affected hip • The obturator foramen is narrowed

6. Hip AP • Detecting rotation away from the affected hip • The sacrum and coccyx are rotated toward the affected hip • The ischial spine is closer to the acetabulum • The obturator foramen is widened

7. Hip AP • The femoral neck is demonstrated without foreshortening • The greater trochanter is demonstrated in profile laterally • The lesser trochanter is superimposed by the femoral neck

8. Hip AP • The femoral head and acetabulum are in the center of the collimated field • Any orthopedic appliance are located at the hip are included in their entirety.

9. Hip AP • Gonadal shielding should be used on all males and females if it may be placed so that anatomy is not obstructed

10. Hip Frog leg Lateral • The pelvis is in a true AP position • The ischial spine is aligned with the pelvic brim • The sacrum and coccyx are aligned with the symphysis • The obturator foramen is open

11. Hip Frog leg Lateral • The lesser trochanter is demonstrated in profile medially • The femoral neck superimposes the greater trochanter • The neck if foreshortened and is ½ way between the femoral head and the lesser torchanter

14. Hip AxiolateralDanielus Miller • Placing lead flat contact shields over the unused portion of the cassette will reduce scatter and help improve contrast

15. Hip AxiolateralDanielus Miller • The femoral neck is demonstrated without foreshortening • The greater and lesser trochanters are about the same transverse level

16. Hip AxiolateralDanulus Miller • If the angle formed between the femur and the central ray is too large, the trochanter is demonstrated proximal to the lesser trochanter and is superimposed by a portion of the femoral neck • If the angle is too small, the greater trochanter is demonstrated distal to the lesser trochanter. (this seldom occurs due to table top)

17. Pelvis AP • Pelvis is demonstrated without rotation • The ischial spines are aligned with the pelvic brim • The sacrum and coccyx are aligned with the symphysis • The ilia and the obturator foramina are uniform in size and shape

18. Pelvis AP • Male –vs- Female Pelvis • Male pelvis is more heart shaped • The obturator foramina and acetabula are larger and more bulky • Female pelvis is more oval

19. Pelvis AP • The femoral neck is demonstrated without foreshortening • The greater trochanter is demonstrated in profile laterally • The lesser trochanter is superimposed by the femoral neck

20. Pelvis AP • Detecting rotation toward the affected hip • If the ischial spine is demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition • The sacrum and coccyx are rotated away from the affected hip • The obturator foramen is narrowed

21. Pelvis AP • Detecting rotation away from the affected hip • The sacrum and coccyx are rotated toward the affected hip • The ischial spine is closer to the acetabulum • The obturator foramen is widened

22. Pelvis AP • All anatomy is included on the film • Inferior sacrum is in the center of the film • The ilia, symphysis ischia acetabulum, femoral necks and heads, greater and lesser trochanter are included on film

27. THE END