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Human Body Systems: Excretory, Circulatory, Endocrine, Nervous, Reproductive Overview

Learn about the functions and key parts of the excretory, circulatory, endocrine, nervous, and reproductive systems in the human body. Understand how these systems work together to maintain health and function effectively.

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Human Body Systems: Excretory, Circulatory, Endocrine, Nervous, Reproductive Overview

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  1. Body Systems II

  2. Excretory System (p. 912, 861skin) function – to remove liquid wastes of metabolism parts: kidneys – filter blood ureters – carry urine to urinary bladder urinary bladder – stores urine urethra – removes urine from body skin – removes sweat (salt, water) pore – releases sweat oil gland – produces oil

  3. Circulatory System (p. 872,881 heart) function–pump & transport blood throughout body parts: heart – pumps blood arteries – carry blood away from heart arterioles (smaller in diameter than arteries, same function) capillaries – connect arterioles & venules venules – (smaller in diameter than veins, same function) blood – carries O2 & nutrients to all cells & removes CO2 & metabolic wastes

  4. Circulatory System Types of circulation: 1) coronary – circulation through the heart 2) pulmonary – circulation to/from lungs 3) systemic – circulation to/from the body

  5. Path of blood flow: superior & inferior vena cava right atrium valve right ventricle valve pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium valve left ventricle valve aorta

  6. Endocrine System (p. 975) function - secretes hormones (chemical messengers) to trigger target organs pituitary gland – “master gland” – secretes hormones that trigger other endocrine glands thyroid gland – secretes thyroxine (regulates metabolism) & calcitonin (regulates Ca+ levels) parathyroid glands – secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) thymus gland – functions in the immune system adrenal glands – secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine

  7. Endocrine System pancreas – secretes insulin & glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels ovaries – (F) – secrete estrogen & progesterone testes – (M) – secrete testosterone

  8. Nervous System (p. 943, 951 brain) function – integration & control of information parts: CNS – (central nervous system) brain – sends, receives, & integrates messages spinal cord – relays messages to/from brain (nerve cord) PNS – (peripheral nervous system) nerves – carry messages

  9. Nervous System neuron – nerve cell (most specialized) cerebrum – large part of brain (intellect, memory) cerebellum – smaller part of brain (coordination)

  10. Reproductive System (p. 995) function (M) – produces sperm & prepares them for delivery to a female’s body testes – produce sperm vas deferens – transport sperm to urethra penis – delivers semen to female reproductive tract scrotum – houses testes

  11. Reproductive System function – produces eggs, houses & nourishes a developing embryo ovaries – produce eggs Fallopian tubes (oviducts) – transport eggs to uterus uterus – nourishes/protects developing fetus vagina – transports unfertilized eggs out of body/ facilitates sperm transport into body

  12. Reproductive System ovulation – release of a mature egg menstruation – shedding the uterine linint menopause – when ovulation ceases

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