1. Social Stratification Social Inequality

2. Social Stratification Dividing people/groups in hierarchy Based on unequal access�resources�money, power, privileges

3. Why study stratification? It impacts quality of life among people Life chance�opportunities influencing quality of life/positive life experience How lives longer? Who is safer?

4. Inequality Base on: Wealth�asset, property, stock, bonds Income�salary, wage, etc.

5. Types of Stratification Caste: individuals are born into one group; rigid Class: opportunities of upward and downward mobility

6. Mobility Opportunities of changing social status to another Is there true mobility in our society? Can all of us have equal chance to become the President?

7. Social Class--Rossides Upper class�rich wealthy (new & old money) Upper Middle�professionals�doctors, business owners, managers Lower Middle�teachers, nurses, small business owners

8. Rossides (contd.) Working class�blue collar workers Lower class�poor underclass�women (single mother, children)

9. Poverty Distribution of wealth�one in eight Americans in poverty Absolute poverty�minimum level of subsistence Relative poverty�relative deprivation of the people at the bottom compared to the entire country

10. Who is poor in the US? 18- 64 years (54%) Whites (44%) Female headed families (59%) Feminization of poverty

11. Wealth & Income in the USA One-fifth of Americans own 84.5% of wealth 28% of households earn under $28,000 37 million Americans are below poverty 47 million Americans without health insurance

12. Measuring Social Class Objective methods: Income, education, occupation (statistical category) Prestige (respect) Esteem (reputation) Subjective methods: Others� assessment of people

13. Caste Indian caste system Parts of Africa similar to caste system

14. Functionalism Social stratification-- Davis & Moore Inequality essential to reward talent and important work/service Criticism: who deserves more $? Chief Justice of Supreme Court or Judge Judy?

15. Conflict Marx�division of capitalist society into Bourgeoisie Proletariat Basis of division�ownership of means of production (factories, land, mines, timber, etc)�own by bourgeoisie

16. Marx on Stratification How do small number of bourgeoisie control large group of proletariat? False consciousness False explanations of the cause of proletariat misery Religion, education can be sources of this

17. Marx of Stratification How do proletariat eventually wake up and remove bourgeoisie? Class consciousness�true explanation of proletariat misery Greed and deceit of bourgeoisie are causes of misery

18. Weber on Stratification Contradiction to Marx�s emphasis on class (economic position) Instead� Class (people with similar wealth & income) Status (people with similar prestige/life style) Power (ability to exercise one�s will over others)

19. Global Divide Is there a stratification at the global level? Are the life chances disproportionately given between the rich and poor countries? Who lives longer? Who is more educated? Who has more income? Who has higher infant mortality (death of children)? Who enjoys more human rights?

20. Global Divide Income per person US $34,100 Japan $27,080 France $24,420 Sierra Leone $480 Nepal $1370 Vietnam $2000

21. Global Stratification Colonialism Colonial vs Colonized countries Colonialism-foreign powers (colonial countries) maintain political, social, economic, & cultural domination for extended period British Empire over N. America & India French over North Africa Colonialism ended after WWII

22. Neo-colonialism World System Core countries�USA, UK, Japan, France, Germany Semi-periphery countries�Ireland, Korea, Israel Periphery countries�Mexico, Columbia, Ghana, Multinational Corporation�head offices in core but does businesses in semi-periphery & periphery countries Multinationals are sometime richer than many periphery countries

23. Multinational Corporations Functionalism�help bring jobs, technology, skills to poor countries Conflict�exploit local poor workers for profit and export jobs from developed countries

24. Neocolonialism Maintaining control over former colonial countries through� Cultural influence/MTV, fast food, etc Through economic cooperation/dependence

25. Globalization Integration of government policies, cultures, financial markets thru trade and exchange of ideas Multinational corporations World Bank International Monetary Fund Who is more likely to benefit from globalization?