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Social Segregation in cities… why can’t we all just get along?

Social Segregation in cities… why can’t we all just get along?. Describe where you live. House type and size Area Neighbours Age, ethnicity Recreational opportunities Local facilities Safety Others………. We are going to look at why we live where we live.

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Social Segregation in cities… why can’t we all just get along?

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  1. Social Segregation in cities…why can’t we all just get along?

  2. Describe where you live • House type and size • Area • Neighbours • Age, ethnicity • Recreational opportunities • Local facilities • Safety • Others………

  3. We are going to look at why we live where we live

  4. Social Segregation is usually based on • Age • Ethnicity • Wealth

  5. Burgess model Can you identify where groups might live on this model? Not yet? Well let’s see …………..

  6. Age • Young graduates flock to the ‘bright lights’ of the city. Live in apartments / studio flats for one • Students live close to universities in rented houses or halls of residence • Elderly in sheltered housing or quiet suburbs • Young families in suburbs looking for a good school, amenities and recreation • Wealthy ‘middle agers’ live in plush suburbs of the commuter belt

  7. Ethnicity • Young male migrant moves to CBD for work • Lives close to work in small inner city housing • Meets up with other migrants from his home country • Shared interests / culture / religion / language / values / dress, unites them • Their families join them • Communities are built up • Schools, places of worship, shops cater for the ethnic group

  8. Ethnicity “I knew I was black everywhere I went”

  9. Wealth • Poor areas in the Inner City with run down housing from previous industrial boom • A ‘Dead Heart’ created • The jobs went but the poor can’t escape as the work was unskilled • No funding to improve the areas • Areas become hot spots of crime, unemployment, people have no incentives or aspirations to succeed • Crime rates scare rich to live in gated communities

  10. Burgess model Can you identify where your groups might live on this model now?

  11. Maps Look at how wealth and race divided in Houston and describe what you see… http://www.socialexplorer.com/pub/maps/map3.aspx?g=0&initSS=1.1505.-1.4036 http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/income-segregation/houston/

  12. Houston • Segregation by wealth in Houston - Radio Interview 6 mins • http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=158694543&m=158694532

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eab7NoYi7U • Racial segregation in Houston

  14. Social segregation in Houston • http://www.socialexplorer.com/pub/help/index.php/teaching-modules/segregation-version-2/2-compare-segregation-in-different-cities • Complete the exercises on the link.

  15. Leading questions… • Who cares? • What’s the problem with segregation? • Are some groups not better off apart? • Does it affect the City as a whole or not?

  16. The multiplier effect and the spiral of decline

  17. The Multiplier effect • The multiplier effect is usually progressively positive. • Good housing stock……………leads to wealthy residents………………… leads to good schools …………………………leads to healthier happier and well educated children leads to………………………………………….. high end industry being attracted to the area which brings in more people…. which leads to more service industries and shops and schools to cater for them….

  18. The spiral of decline • Using the following as hints, can you create a spiral of decline for a poor area…. • crime • Poor schools • Residents out of work • No investment in area • Low order low cost shops (dollar tree) • Poor role models • Low life expectancy • Welfare dependent • No money to ‘escape’ the trap • Food shops stock poor quality quick fix food • No government involvement (people feel lost) • Poor exam results • Health is poor • negative feedback loop leads to less people aspiring to succeed • Low quality housing • Low aspirations

  19. HOW CAN WE BRIDGE THE GAP?Should we all be lone stars?

  20. Solutions….mix it up? • Social • Education • Community links to jobs / work • Access to services • Economic • Minimum wage / progressive income tax • Environmental • Play areas / green spaces / • Political • Housing strategies

  21. Actual solutions • The Move to Opportunity Scheme (USA) • MTO • Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, LA, NY • Eligibility was from neighbourhoods where 40% were below the poverty line • Must have a child under 18 • No criminal record • Not in debt with rental payments • Want to go!

  22. The experiment 4,600 families • Group 1 • Received money if they moved to an affluent area • Got counseling and help with finding a home • Group 2 • Received money if the moved • No counseling • Group 3 • No money. Didn’t move. No change

  23. results • Largely positive • Need to be mapped over the long term • Boys and girls improved in the first instance • Boys then slipped behind due to their new peer group being too different (academics / wealth / interests) • Parents enrolled in adult education and bought cars • Managed to find work • As step in the right direction???

  24. All about you… • Have you experienced Segregation in a city you have lived in? • If so, what have you encountered? • Do you know any solutions that have been implemented to reduce the problems created by segregation?

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