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This exploration delves into the question of whether the electorate is truly polarized. It examines arguments for and against the existence of polarization, defining key concepts like ideology and the divides within our society, including rural vs. urban, religious vs. non-religious, and gender. Additionally, the analysis looks at historical voting trends, the role of elites, and factors influencing the current political landscape, including media influence and electoral choices. Are we more polarized than in the past, or is it just the candidates who reflect a more divided political climate?
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Questions for today • Are we a polarized electorate? • Arguments for the existence of polarization? • Arguments against the existence of polarization?
Ideology • What do liberals believe? • What do conservatives believe?
Are we a polarized electorate? • Yes… • Safe states
Red and Blue States http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
Are we a polarized electorate? • Yes… • Safe states • Safe congressional districts • Rural/urban divide
Presidential Election 2008, by county http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
Are we a polarized electorate? • Yes… • Safe states • Safe congressional districts • Rural/urban divide • Religious/non-religious divide
Religion • In 1992: • Committed mainline Protestant: 17% more R than D • Nominal mainline Protestant 10% more R • Committed evangelical Protestant 3% more R • Nominal evangelical Protestant 20% more D • Committed Catholic 31% more D • Nominal Catholic 28% more D • Jewish 64% more D • Non-religious 18% more D
Are we a polarized electorate? • Yes… • Safe states • Safe congressional districts • Rural/urban divide • Religious/non-religious divide • Gender divide
Gender • In 1992: • Male: 1% more D than R • Female: 16% more D than R • In 2008: • Male: 1% more D than R • Female: 13% more D than R • Gender Gap in Party ID: 12%
Are we a polarized electorate? • No… • The electorate is not more polarized
2008 Presidential electionColor indicates percent R or D http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
Resizing counties by population… http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
Are we a polarized electorate? • No… • The electorate is not more polarized • Our electoral choices are just more polarized • Candidates • Officeholders
Why are elites more polarized now? • Rise of purists/decline of professionals • Civil service • (Closed) Primaries • Redistricting • Realignment of the South • Media? The internet?
Is it really just the elites? Pennsylvania: blue state where the electorate is really moderate? Or big state with “Pittsburgh in the west, Philadelphia in the East, and Alabama in the middle?” Rush’s audience: the elite?