Presentation Transcript

1. Progressive Era

   Reforming America
2. The Gilded Age was a period of imbalance in the United States. The Progressive Era was a grass roots movement of the people to put order and balance back into society. Causes for this are…. rapid city growth, corruption in politics, Big Businesses issues, industries and technology
3. Journal – Progressive Era At the dawn of the 20th century the reform movement was growing. The Progressive Era was a period of great change in social, moral, political, education, economic, health, business and women’s rights
4. Instructions: Write in complete sentences 1. What type of actions might bring about change? 2. What are some of the issues from the late 1800’s that need to be changed? 3. How might reformers recruit others to their cause? 4. Which is more effective in changing the actions of business? (explain) - government action - fines - public protest 5. Why is it important to have grassroots support for reform? grassroots (large organized support from the bottom)
5. Goals of the Progressives Government needs to be more in touch with the people 2. Government needs to protect citizens better 3. Protecting social welfare 4. Promoting moral improvement 5. Economic reform and more efficiency 6 min
6. Progressives were….. White Protestants Middle class Native born College Educated Professionals Social workers Scholars Politicians Preachers Teachers Writers /Muckrakers
7. Who Proposed these Reforms? the Populist increase the $$ supply graduated income tax - tax higher incomes more 3. a federal loan program election of U.S. Senators by popular vote one term for the President 6. a secret ballot voting system 7. an eight hour work day 8. restrictions on immigration
8. Populist v. Progressive Populists---rural Progressives---cities Populists were poor and uneducated Progressives were middle-class and educated Populists were too radical Progressives stayed political mainstream Populists failed Progressives succeeded the Populist had the ideas… the Progressives made them happen
9. Causes: Influence of Populism Corruption in government Political machines Poor working conditions Muckrakers and writings Lack of civil rights More educated middle class Progressive Era 1900 - 1920 Era of Reform Effects: More efficient government More democratic state government Increase business regulations Improve working conditions New amendments
10. Progressive Amendments 16th Amendment 17th Amendment 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Progressive(graduated) Income tax Direct Election of Senators Prohibition Women’s Suffrage (voting rights)
11. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 What are the social concerns of the Progressives? The poor Alcohol Lack of rights (women, minorities) education
12. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 How did they try to address the social concerns of the time? Organized into civic groups or charities YMCA Salvation Army Soup kitchens Settlement houses civic group is an organization or club that works to improve life in society or community.
13. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 p. 513
14. Decided who was worthy of help Wanted immigrants to adopt American, middle-class standards. Offered charity and justice to society’s problems. The Charity Organization Movement Sought to apply the gospel teachings of Christ. Preached salvation through service to poor The Social Gospel Movement Moved into poor communities Their settlement houses served as community centers and social service agencies. Hull House, founded by Jane Addams a model settlement house in Chicago, offered cultural events, classes, childcare, employment assistance, and health-care clinics. The Settlement Movement Social welfare reformers work to relieve urban poverty
15. YMCA Young man, there's a place you can go.I said, young man, when you're short on your dough.You can stay there, and I’m sure you will find many ways to have a good time. You can get yourself cleaned, you can have a good meal,You can do whatever you feel ... Young man, I was once in your shoes.I said, I was down and out with the blues.I felt no man cared if I were alive.I felt the whole world was so tight ... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CS9OO0S5w2k&ob=av3e
16. Florence Kelley social and political reformer worked against sweatshops, child labor, and low pay Helped found the NAACP Follower of Karl Marx and socialism
17. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920
18. WCTU Why Some Wanted to Outlaw Alcohol Some thought drinking was sinful. 2. Government had a duty to protect our health. 3. Alcohol some thought lead to crime, wife and child abuse and accidents on the job. 4. Blamed German Americans who were brewers for alcohol problems. Anti-German feelings due to WWI.
19. Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois - born free - 1st black to receive PhD from Harvard Teacher at Wilberforce & Atlanta Univ. - Sociologist black separatist tendencies - embraces socialism - political extremist - criticized Booker T. - believed in vigorous protest of racial injustice - founded NAACP - born a slave - worked in coal mine - house servant educated at Hampton Univ. - became Pres. of Tuskegee Institute - advised Presidents - most influential black leader until death - believed in self help / responsibility - economic advance more important than social adv. Leaders Black males Educated / Scholar Career supporter of progress of African Americans Educators Published works still in print Wanted same goals Both criticized Civil Rights Reformers
20. Ida Wells-Barnett ex slave Journalist, newspaper ed.,teacher educated an anti-lynching crusader a woman's rights activist (worked with J. Addams) civil rights pioneer and one of the founders of the NAACP Which reformer would she have supported? Washington or DuBois
21. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 Which level does Political reform begin? Local Who did Political reform give power too? the People
22. Progressives Presidents 1. Theodore Roosevelt 2. William Taft 3. Woodrow Wilson President Chart
23. Roosevelt's Square Deal Personality: Outgoing Aggressive Strong willed Family man Athletic Bold Platform Issues Industry Reform - Sherman Anti Trust Act (outlawed trusts) - Hepburn & Elkins Act (railroads) Consumer Reform - Meat Inspection Act - Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation - 148 acres set aside for forest reserves Economic Reform - Interstate Commerce Commission enhanced ( over RR) 5. Bully Pulpit - Coal mining strike “Strong as a bull moose” p. 523
24. Cartoons Analysis Roosevelt and the Trust
25. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 Who did Economic reform benefit the most? Middle class consumers
26. Muckrakers Journalist who uncovered corruption in Politics and Big Business Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell p. 533
27. Muck raker Thomas Nast Muck raker Work PoliticalCartoons Work Subject Political corruption by NYC's political machine, Tammany Hall, led by Boss Tweed. Subject Results Results Tweed was convicted of embezzlement and died in prison. Jacob Riis John Spargo Living conditions of the urban poor; focused on tenements. Child labor in the factories and education for children. NYC passed building codes to promote safety and health. Ending child labor and increased enrollment in schooling. How the Other Half Lives(1890) The Bitter Cry of the Children Investigated dangerous working conditions and unsanitary procedures in the meat-packing industry. In 1906 the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act were passed The Jungle(1906) Upton Sinclair
28. The Octopus (1901) Muck raker Frank Norris Work Subject This fictional book exposed monopolistic railroad practices in California. Results In Northern Securities v. U.S. (1904), the holding company controlling railroads in the Northwest was broken up. Ida Tarbell "History of Standard Oil Company" in McClure's Magazine(1904) Exposed the ruthless tactics of the Standard Oil Company through a series of articles published in McClure's Magazine. In Standard Oil v. U.S. (1911), the company was declared a monopoly and broken up.
29. Muckrakers “Mr. Rockefeller has systematically played with loaded dice and it is doubtful if there has been a time since 1872 when he has run a race with a competitor and started fair. McClure’s Magazine, Tarbell Can you think of any modern day muckrakers?
30. “There would be meat that had tumbled on the floor, in the dirt, where the workers had trampled and spit uncounted billions of tuberculosis germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms where rats would race about. A man could run his hand over these piles and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. The packers would put poisoned bread out for them; and then the rats, bread and meat would go into the hoppers together.” The Jungle 1906
31. William Taft Personality Reserved Cautious Not a natural politician Goes on to be a Supreme Court judge Platform Busted up the most trusts Established Department of Labor Children’s Bureau 5 mins. p. 534
32. The Wild Election of 1912 Wilson Roosevelt Taft Problem: - TR wants to run again. Bull Moose party Taft gets nomination from Republican party who feels they have to be loyal. - Democrats choose Woodrow Wilson. p. 535/536
33. Woodrow Wilson 5 mins Personality Perfectionist Intelligent Determined Lacked charisma Platform Clayton Anti Trust Act Federal Reserve Act Child labor reform - Keating Owen Act 4. Federal Trade Commission - fair business practices 5. National Park Service - created Yellowstone p. 538
34. Clayton Anti-Trust “Magna Carta of Labor” Reinforces the Sherman Act the companies were bound by law (like the King) Rights (power) were granted to the people It allowed Labor unions to be exempt from anti-trust laws Made strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotting legal p. 539
35. Federal Reserve System Sets interest rates p. 540 Can sell stocks to Can lend money to
36. Federal Reserve Act / Districts
37. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920 How did Health reform aid citizens? Provided regulations for basic protections
38. President Roosevelt proposed legislation to clean up the meatpacking industry after reading “The Jungle”. Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act
39. Progressive Reform Goals Period of 1890 - 1920
40. World War I effect on Progressives Wartime grain shortage & German propaganda prompted the 18th amendment Support for women’s rights grew due to war contributions Progressive initiatives stop in large Big Business and gov’t cooperation undid anti-trust laws Labor Union protection undermined AFL’s independence compromised due to cooperation of government p. 543
41. W.E.B. DuBois from the “Talented Tenth” 1. What will the talented 10th do for the others? 2. What must happen for the best and most capable youth? 3. What are the 2 things required to lift blacks up and level the field? 4. What theory is his philosophy most like? WHY?
42. Booker T. Washington and the “Atlanta Compromise” 1. What percentage of the South’s population was black? 2. What is the bucket? 3. What did Booker T. say is “our greatest danger”? 4. What did the story of the bucket mean for blacks? For whites?
43. EOC Workbook Pages 128 – (1, 2, 3, 4) 130 – (10, 11, 12) Read p. 125 - 127 (All)
44. Cumulative Topics
45. Link and Learn: Pages 4 – (Upton Sinclair, Washington, DuBois) 15 – (Bull Moose Party) 18 – (Arrest of Stanton) 20 – (Jane Addams, Susan B, Stanton) 23 – (Labor Laws)