Er. Rabi Beura

1. Environment - Friendly Potential Projects for OrissaPresented on the Occasion ofFirst Prabasi Utkal DivasAnd Annual OSA Symposiumon Orissa Development Er. RabiBeura

2. Agenda • Background / Necessity of Pollution Control • Present Pollution Status in Orissa (Air / Water) • Steps already taken • Recommendations / Proposed Steps to combat the problem • Potential Pilot Projects • Conclusion

3. Background / Necessity of Pollution Control We are now self sufficient in food grain through green revolution. The revolutions for shelter, education and health are in full swing and we are going to achieve the desired target very soon. But the work done in environment sector is negligible. Nothing significant has been done for Eradication and Prevention of Air and Water Pollution. Poor people in Orissa cannot afford money for treatment of some diseases caused due to environmental pollution. Now it is high time to think over prevention of respiratory diseases mainly caused due to air pollution and other water borne diseases. NROs hesitate to stay more than a week in Orissa mainly due to polluted air and water though there are other problems like bad roads, traffic etc. Then how can we expect their involvement for Development of Orissa ? Also dealing with Govt. sector in Orissa is quite different than that of their work place abroad.

4. Present Pollution Status (Air) AMBIENT AIR STANDARD (CPCB) Annual Mean Concentration Range (µg/m3)

5. Present Pollution Status (Air) Ambient Air Quality Data Monitored by R.O., SPCB, Cuttack (Monitoring station on the roof of Traffic Tower Badambadi) for 2004 (Conc. in µg/m3)

6. Present Pollution Status (Water) Measured Water Quality

7. Present Pollution Status (Water) Primary Water Quality Criteria Designated-Best-Use Class of Water Criteria Drinking Water Source without A 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50 Conventional Treatment but or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved After disinfection Oxygen 6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less Outdoor Bathing (Organized) B 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 500 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Drinking Water Source after Conventional Treatment and disinfection C 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less 2. pH between 6and 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries D 1. pH between 6 and 9 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2mg/l Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal E 1.pH between 6.0 and 8.5 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max. 2250 3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 25 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l

8. Present Pollution Status (Air / Water) • Runoff from non-point sources (construction sites, agril lands, roads, forest activities etc) are released without treatment • Critical Air Polluted Areas and Polluted Water bodies remain on attended

9. Steps already taken • CPCB & OSPCB monitor water quality at few locations in Mahanadi, Brabhmani, Kathajodi, Kuakhai & IB Rivers. • Air Pollution monitoring station at Badambadi, Cuttack OSPCB • Control and Prevention of Air and Water pollution at some point sources close to Industries • Nothing significant has done for Non-Point Sources Pollution Control

10. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 1. Create public awareness on Water Act, Air Act and Environment Protection Act and their scope, main provisions etc. • 2.Limits on pollutants entering the river from point and non-point sources will be fixed in accordance with TMDL. Waste load allocations should be given to watste water treatment plant and industry in both Municipal Corporations in the state. Non-point sources such as agricultural watersheds, forestry activities, road and housing development will be allocated with loads. • 3. The polluted waters (streams) should be identified and priority for treatment should be fixed. • 4. Sections 24, 25 and 26 of Water Act should be implemented strictly both for Industries, individuals and Government agencies including municipal corporations and whoever contraventions the provisions should be punished in accordance to sections 43 and 44.

11. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 5. Provision for Runoff water treatment should be implemented in urban areas. Builders doing construction work in more than 1 acre of land should be asked for construction of wetlands and treatment of runoff water before final disposal. • 6. Exposed / bare soil in private and public land, roads, embankments etc should be treated with vegetative cover. Roads in highly populated areas should be dust free and wherever not possible, water spray can be done time to time. • 7. The holistic watershed approach should be strictly followed for identification and treatment of problem area for surface water quality protection. • 8. Different hydrologic models and watershed models should be used for prediction of maximum runoff, peak flow etc.

12. 5. Treatment of Surface Water From Construction Site Proposed Wetland Location Constuction / Drainage Area Surface Water Disposal

13. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 9. Air polluted areas should be identified and treated. • 10. A network of air and water monitoring systems should be established. • 11. Storm water erosion and sediment control training can be made compulsory for engineers, contractors, builders. • 12. Air quality improvement in heavy traffic locations like Badambadi bus stand area in Cuttack Municipal Corporation needs immediate attention. • 13. Only licensed professionals should be allowed for all engineering construction works. Time to time technical training each year for some specific hours should be the criteria for renewal of licences. • 14. Pollution data should be available through regional offices at district level free of cost.

14. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Reforms in Government Organizations is need of the hour for efficiency and quality work as practiced in developed countries. Compulsory training to each employee including high level burocrats and technocrats for certain hours before granting annual increament and promotion, the existing system of one time minimum education at the time of entering the government jobs should be modified.

15. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Encourage to train government employees at their own effort in Foreign countries / abroad or in other advanced states by granting leave upto 5 years without hampering their seniority in job and without any financial help/ part help (this can also help government from present financial burden),

16. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Deployment of existing govt staffs (In stead of compulsory retirement, encourage voluntary retirement), involvement of Employees Union, due respect to common people by govt employees, respect to sub-ordinate staffs by burocrats and high level technocrats, H/ R cell for each department to sort out problems of employees, Efficiency study cell including self performance study by each employee, time frame for each work.

17. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Eradication of corruption and proper initiatives to executants and officials in each sector on achieving certain goals. Different engineering works / rural development works should be executed by registered professionals, compulsory training to these people each year for certain hours before renewal of licenses by professional Institutes

18. Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… • 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Responsibility of office heads to extract work from each employee in a constructive way, work target to each employees, make 5 days week without reducing working hours, encourage govt employees for community service in their own field of specialization on each Saturday, people’s participation in government work etc can be adopted.

19. Potential Pilot Projects • 1. Watershed Management -Though tremendous work has been done in our state, still we lag Qualitative data and innovative ideas. For control of water pollution, treatment of surface water is most essential. The holistic Watershed concept should be applied in treating the geo-hydrologic unit contributing to the stream. Integrated watershed management can be made economical, scientifically and technically sound using hydrologic computer models and watershed computer models coupled with GIS. Using overlapping technique multiple layers/maps containing watershed boundaries, soil types, DEM, DTM, land use, precipitation in the watershed, terrain, water bodies, roads, development trend, employment trend etc can be stored, displayed, compiled and analyzed for different purposes. Watershed models like AGNPS, WEEP, SHE, RUSLE, SMR model can be used. Similarly for hydrologic design and modeling we can use HEC, HMS, TR 55. For ground water flow MODFLOW can be used. Choosing appropriate model for a particular watershed should only be done by watershed consultant engineers having sufficient experience in use of aforesaid models.

20. Potential Pilot Projects • Cont.. Remote control technique and data imagery maps can be used for assessment of land use and erosion if the watershed is large in size and not accessible. Soil Conservation department can give technical support at the field level for soil and water conservation measures, agricultural planning, implementation and monitoring needs related to water quality limited surface waters and conservation of other natural resources. Different watershed management alternatives can be explored according to need of the watershed concerned and a Decision Support System (DSS) can be developed for the watershed.

21. Potential Pilot Projects • 2. GIS Mapping and Emergency Response Develop Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and database for a pilot area, which then may be extended to the entire district. The GIS database and the map may contain layers of information such as, demographic, census, political, geographic, geologic, environmental, hydrologic, transportation, government facilities, security, emergency response, etc. The political and geographical boundaries will be spot surveyed with Global Positioning System (GPS) survey. This would tremendously benefit the District administrators, security authorities, and emergency response activities (including ambulatory, fire, security threats, crime investigation, natural disasters, relief distribution, etc).

22. Potential Pilot Projects • 3. Waste Management Plan The waste management plan may primarily include solid waste, hazardous waste, and waste water issues. Immediate action may begin with solid waste management plan and implementation on a small scale (pilot area) by building sustainable partnership. This is a common problem and the public can be easily educated, and implementation of a solid waste management plan has a better chance of success. This needs low infrastructure cost (capital cost). Biogas plants and bio-fertilizer plants can be established.

23. Potential Pilot Projects • 4. Long-Term Water Supply Plan Water supply issues to meet the long-term goal can be developed on a local scale and then extended to a larger network at a later date to complete the long-term water supply for the entire district. It needs moderate level of capital investment. Will develop a practical plan for a pilot zone based on our knowledge and experience. We will utilize the information developed so far by the government authorities for the state as a starting point.

24. Potential Pilot Projects • 5. Flood and Drought Control Plan The available hydro-meteorological information and the historical flooding and drought events for the problem area can be analyzed, and a plan for integrated flood and drought control for a pilot zone can be developed. This may involve moderate level of infrastructures and institutional involvement. Ultimately, the goal is to protect the public from at least 25-year flood and more desirably the 100-year flood. This would also include a monitoring network that may be used for future predictions.

25. Potential Pilot Projects (from own experience) • 6. Comprehensive Rural Development Plan This is an ideal goal to develop a rural area involving only small scale area at a time, and then eventually integrating similar rural developments on a long run. This would include small and low cost infrastructural improvement in the area involving GIS database and mapping, water supply development, waste management implementation, flood control, and renewable energy generation and distribution. Many of the ideas and concepts currently exist in the world (including in India) as independent components. The goal is to bring these ideas together in a cost effective and affordable manner.

26. Watershed Map

27. Piezo Locations

28. DEM

30. Conclusion Environment Friendly Projects should be given priority and each Proposed Project should be environmentally sound Reforms and Time to Time Training to GOs and NGOs are essential

31. THANKS For Your Time