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Classification of Matter: Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Properties

In this unit, we explore the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements, found on the periodic table (such as O2, N2) and compounds composed of different elements (like CO2 and H2O). We differentiate between homogeneous mixtures (solutions) such as saltwater and heterogeneous mixtures like muddy water. We also examine physical and chemical properties, covering how to observe substances without changing their identity versus altering it through chemical reactions. Understand the types of changes matter can undergo, including physical and chemical changes.

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Classification of Matter: Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Properties

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  1. What is Matter Unit 1: Part 1

  2. How is Matter Classified? Pure Substances • Elements • Found on the PT • O2, N2, F2, Br2, I2, Cl2, and H2 • Compounds • Made of 2 or more different elements chemically bound together • CO2, H2O, C6H12O6 Mixtures • Homogeneous • Mixtures that are uniform throughout • Also known as solutions (solute=being dissolved; solvent=doing the dissolving) • Milk, salt water • Heterogeneous • Mixtures that are not uniform throughout • Muddy water, iced tea

  3. Can you classify the following? • Kool-aid • Pure water • Rubbing alcohol • Butter pecan ice cream • Hydrogen gas • Brass • Chex mix • Orange juice with pulp • Sugar • Iron

  4. Properties of matter • Physical Properties • Property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance • Examples • Color • Luster • Smell • Melting point • Boiling point • Chemical Properties • Property that can only be observed if the identity of the substance is changed • Examples • Flammability • Combustibility • Ability to rust • Ability to react with an acid • ***react***

  5. Changes that Matter Undergoes • Physical Changes • A change that occurs that does not alter the identity of the substance • Examples • Melting • Boiling • Evaporating • Condensing • Tearing • Splitting • Chemical Changes • A change that occurs that alters the identity of the substance • Examples • Rusting • Burning • Combusting • Reacting to form a gas • Reacting with an acid • Known as a chemical reaction

  6. Indicators of Chemical Changes • Production of a gas • Production of light • Production of heat • Color change • Formation of a precipitate • Precipitate: a product formed during a chemical reaction that is insoluble in the solvent present (usually water)

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