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Chapter 10, part A

Chapter 10, part A. Sensory Physiology. About this Chapter. What are the senses How sensory systems work Body sensors and homeostatic maintenance Sensing the external environment Mechanisms and pathways to perception. General Properties of Sensory Systems. Stimulus Internal External

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Chapter 10, part A

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  1. Chapter 10, part A Sensory Physiology

  2. About this Chapter • What are the senses • How sensory systems work • Body sensors and homeostatic maintenance • Sensing the external environment • Mechanisms and pathways to perception

  3. General Properties of Sensory Systems • Stimulus • Internal • External • Energy source • Receptors • Sense organs • Transducer • Afferent pathway • CNS integration

  4. General Properties of Sensory Systems Figure 10-4: Sensory pathways

  5. Sensory Receptor Types • Structural types: • Simple receptors • Complex neural • Special senses • Types according to the nature of stimulus • Chemoreceptors • Mechanoreceptors • Thermoreceptors • Photoreceptors

  6. Sensory Receptor Types Figure 10-1: Sensory receptors

  7. Special Senses – External Stimuli • Vision • Hearing • Taste • Smell • Equilibrium

  8. Special Senses – External Stimuli Figure 10-4: Sensory pathways

  9. Somatic Senses – Internal Stimuli • Touch • Temperature • Pain • Itch • Proprioception • Pathway Figure 10-10: The somatosensory cortex

  10. Somatic Pathways • Receptor • Threshold • Action potential • Sensory neurons • Primary – medulla • Secondary – thalamus • Tertiary – cortex • Integration • Receptive field • Multiple levels

  11. Somatic Pathways Figure 10-9: Sensory pathways cross the body’s midline

  12. Sensory Modality • Location • Lateral inhibition • Receptive field • Intensity • Duration • Tonic receptors • Phasic receptors • Adaptation

  13. Sensory Modality Figure 10-3: Two-point discrimination

  14. Sensory Modality Figure 10-6: Lateral inhibition

  15. Touch (pressure) • Mechanoreceptors • Free nerve endings • Pacinian corpuscles • Ruffini corpuscles • Merkel receptors • Meisaner's corpuscles • Barroreceptors

  16. Touch (pressure) Figure 10-11: Touch-pressure receptors

  17. Temperature • Free nerve endings • Cold receptors • Warm receptors • Pain receptors • Sensory coding: • Intensity • Duration

  18. Temperature Figure 10-7: Sensory coding for stimulus intensity and duration

  19. Pain and Itching • Nociceptors • Reflexive path • Itch • Fast pain • Slow pain

  20. Pain and Itching Figure 10-12: The gate control theory of pain modulation

  21. Referred Pain Figure 10-13: Referred pain

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