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Digital Piano

Digital Piano. By Jacob Zurasky ECE3551 – Fall 2008. Project Goals. Implement many inputs Synthesize a piano-like tone Play tones based on inputs Play a song from memory. Inputs. BF533 board only has 4 input switches 32 inputs implemented via 8x4 matrix

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Digital Piano

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  1. Digital Piano By Jacob Zurasky ECE3551 – Fall 2008

  2. Project Goals • Implement many inputs • Synthesize a piano-like tone • Play tones based on inputs • Play a song from memory

  3. Inputs • BF533 board only has 4 input switches • 32 inputs implemented via 8x4 matrix • PIC scans matrix, sends a packet of data • BF DMA channel stores data into array

  4. Communications • RS232, 9.6 kbps data transmission • 6 bytes = 48 bits of data • Each bit represents a key on the piano • Bit is low when a key pressed

  5. UART Configuration • UART_LCR - 8 data bits, 1 stop bit • UART_DLH/DLL - 0x16 = 352 • Baud rate = SCKL / (16 * Divisor) = 9588 kbps, with 0.1% error • UART_IER - Generate Rx Interrupt

  6. UART DMA Channel • UART Rx Interrupt triggers a DMA write • DMA writes 6 elements to Rx_Buffer[] • Rx_Buffer[] holds the last packet sent

  7. Tone Synthesis • Pure sine wave at a given frequency sounds very empty • Add richness to sound by adding harmonics • Analyze frequency spectrum of a piano sample

  8. Pure Tone Spectrum Analysis

  9. Piano Spectrum Analysis

  10. Fourier Series • Use a fourier series to generate a signal with a similar frequency content • Add many harmonics of the fundamental frequency, at lower amplitudes • Composite signal has a richer sound

  11. Fourier Series • y = a1 * sin[2 * Pi * ((1 * f) / fs) * t] + a2 * sin[2 * Pi * ((2 * f) / fs) * t] + a3 * sin[2 * Pi * ((3 * f) / fs) * t] + a4 * sin[2 * Pi * ((4 * f) / fs) * t] + … + an * sin[2 * Pi * ((n * f) / fs) * t]

  12. Components of Output

  13. Composite Output

  14. Spectrum Analysis Comparison

  15. Tone Synthesis • Fourier series has over 50 components • sinf() function too slow to call multiple times per sample • Implement a look-up table • Each octave of notes is stored to an array

  16. C3 Octave Array

  17. Tone Synthesis • Each note has three characteristics • Key_Prev_State - Previous state of note • Key_Cur_Period - Location within period • Key_Decay - Current decay rate of note • Each octave has an array of note lengths • Each octave has an array of note offsets

  18. Tone Synthesis • D3, 3rd note in C3 octave • C3_Period[2] = 327, C3_Offset[2] = 714 • Notes3[714] is the first sample • Notes3[1041] is the last sample

  19. Tone Synthesis • Linear decay while note is held • Key_Decay and Key_Cur_Period are incremented after each sample if the note is active • Summation of look-ups allows multiple tones simultaneously

  20. Playback • Events stored on PIC similar to MIDI • Each event has a two byte frame offset • 6 bytes of data for the key status

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