1. Hydride Generation Techniques

2. Hydride Generation Technique • Reduction Reaction : transform the Analyte in • sample to Metal Hydride • Metal Hydrides is easy to Evaporation • Metal Hydrides is easy to Atomization • Analysis with Flame AAS • Suitable for Analyst some element that can be aMetal Hydrides : As Bi Se Sb Sn Te

3. Reduction Reaction • The element was reduce by NaBH4 • The reaction occur in Acid condition • Generate the Metal Hydride gas • Metal Hydride gas pass to Flame AAS

4. Boiling point of Metal Hydride

5. Reduction Reaction NaBH4 Na+ + BH-4 2BH-4 B2H6 + H2 + 2e- As3+ + 3H+ + 6e- AsH3 6BH-4 As3+ 3H+ 3B2H6 + 3H2 + AsH3 + + B2H6 + 6H2O 2H3BO3 + 6H2

6. Hydride Generator System Mixing Block Peristaltic pump To AAS NaBH4 Gas-Liquid Separator Acid Sample Mixing coil

7. Hydride Generator System Absorption Cell Air/Acetylene Burner

8. Hydride Generator System Absorption Light Source From Gas-Liquid Separator

9. Calibration Graph Sample Absorbance X Sample Contentration X

10. Working ranges & Sensitivities-Vapor Generation

11. Metrix Interferences • Effect to Loss of analyte signal • The %Loss of analyte signal due element Interferences

12. Metrix Interferences %Loss of Analyte signal due to element Interferences

13. Metrix Interferences %Loss of Analyte signal due to element Interferences

14. Cold Vapor Technique • For Analyst only Mercury (Hg) • Use NaBH4/SnCl2 to reduce Hg2+ to Hg0 • in acid condition • Hg0 absorb the light from light source@253.6 nm • No need to ignite flame

15. Cold Vapor System Mixing Block Peristaltic pump To AAS NaBH4 /SnCl2 Gas-Liquid Separator Acid Sample Mixing coil

16. Hydride Generator System Absorption Cell : Close Air/Acetylene Burner

17. Hydride Generator System Absorption Light Source Hg0 From Gas-Liquid Separator

18. Calibration Graph Sample Absorbance X Sample Contentration X

19. Cold Vapor Technique : Advantage • High sensitivity • Analyte Hg in ppb range • Low interferences • Flameless Technique

20. End