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Role of Coal in Indian Energy Basket

Role of Coal in Indian Energy Basket. PDPU-CFSR Conference on Clean Coal Technology. S K Chand November 2009. Certain myths about Indian coal. India has large reserves of coal; over 265 billion tonnes India has 100 billion tonnes of proved reserves

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Role of Coal in Indian Energy Basket

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  1. Role of Coal in Indian Energy Basket PDPU-CFSR Conference on Clean Coal Technology S K Chand November 2009

  2. Certain myths about Indian coal • India has large reserves of coal; over 265 billion tonnes • India has 100 billion tonnes of proved reserves • India is the fourth largest producer of coal in the World • Indian coal is high in ash and sulphur • Coal will continue to be the main source of energy for many years to come

  3. Indian system of reporting: Indian Standard Procedure 1957 • Based on categories defined by concentration of exploratory boreholes • Purely geological resource accounting system • Does not consider minability /extractability/ economic criteria • Thus highly exaggerated resource inventory

  4. Resource data is • gross, cumulative and does not consider depletion/ sterilization; includes coal • that was extracted during past 230 years of mining • that got burned /is burning in Jharia / Dhanbad and elsewhere • that would be almost impossible to mine • In partially developed thick seams, in mine barriers, and in inundated mines • Under reserve forests, tiger reserves, townships, rivers, major railways etc • Seams between 600-1200 m depths and beyond

  5. UNFC Classification http://www.jorc.org/pdf/mckay1.pdf International harmonization of classification and reporting of mineral resources Author: Bill McKay, Ian Lambert and Norman Miskelly, http://www.jorc.org/

  6. Indian coal Quality • Coal seams in India are thick and highly inter-banded with shale and sandstone • India produces almost 90% coal from large open cast mines resulting in intermixing and resultant high ash • Generally Indian coals are low in sulphur at 0.2% to 0.6% • Only a very small fraction of coal (Tertiary deposits ) in NE are high sulphur low ash

  7. Thank you

  8. Domestic Coal Resources • The available coal for future projectisation cannot be ascertained with any degree of certainty due to non-availability of data in public domain • Though GSI now uses “resources” in the table, it is used interchangeably with “reserves” by many

  9. The GSI data Depth-wise Coal Resources as on 1.1.2007* *Gross and Cumulative

  10. Proved reserves *14.5 Bt in 0-600 range in Jharia is fully developed/ under fire/ inundated etc. No breakup is available with GSI or with CMPDIL

  11. Shallow deposit exploitation • 90% of reserves proved within a depth range of 0-300 m, deeper horizons ignored • OC Mining would remain the mainstay • There are hardly any deep-seated reserves to exploit • either through underground mining or • by in-situ gasification

  12. Total extractable reserves * Includes SCCL, DVC, Tata, Jindal, and all others # MOC/ CMPDIL earlier estimates was 40 Bt Coal Vision 2025 (MOC 2005)

  13. Coal demand projections Million tonnes Integrated Energy Policy (Plg Comm 2006)

  14. Coal Vision 2025 • With 289 blocks + existing mines and projects, CIL proposed to reach 500 Mt in 11/12 and then continue at the same level till 36/37 • The rest 210 (136 + 74) blocks for captive mining, mostly in indicated and inferred categories • 94 Bt in unexplored areas (un-blocked)

  15. Meeting the demand? Million Tonnes MOC (Working Gr. Eleventh Plan 2006)

  16. Imports • How much • Where from • What are the odds • Quantum of international trade

  17. International coal trade market World steam and coking coal demand and trade (1982-2005) International coal trade accounted for about 16 percent of total world coal consumption in 2007 Source: The Future Of Coal, B. Kavalov, S.D. Peteves, DG JRC, Institute for Energy, February 2007 and IEO 2009

  18. Future of coal trade • Dominance of steam coal in international coal trade expected to continue • International coal trade expected to grow at an average annual rate of only 1.2% • from about 20.8quadrillion Btu in 2007 to 27.6 quadrillion Btu in 2030 • Share of coal trade as a percentage of global coal consumption falls to 14 percent in 2030 • Largest increase in demand from China • Price volatility is likely continue • Increasing “Resource Nationalism” in exporting countries would deter trade Source: IEO 2009

  19. What next? • Deplete domestic resources • Buy Mines / Equity in other countries

  20. Efficiency of Indian power plants Year 2005 Chikkatur 2005

  21. Immediate Action Needed • Must stop • Indiscriminate capacity addition on coal; especially based on sub-critical technology • Retrofitting of old /smaller/ inefficient units • Must shift to more efficient technologies • Super critical • Ultra super critical • IGCC • Restrict total coal based generation capacity to 1,50,000 MW In addition, all other sources of clean energy must be exploited

  22. Other Technologies • CTL? • UCG? • Oil shale?

  23. Future • Coal use will be self-limiting due to • Increasing concerns of Climate Change • Difficulty in Land Aquisition • Forest Land • R & R

  24. Thank you

  25. Power drives the demand of coal

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