For the 22 May 2013 Intensity Frontier Comparitive review

1. The ANL-HEP Intensity Frontier -Neutrino Program To be followed by our Muon Program Maury Goodman For the 22 May 2013 Intensity Frontier Comparitive review

2. Outline • The intensity frontier group • 3 year Accomplishments • MINOS • Double Chooz • NOnA • LBNE • 3 year Plans • NOnA • LBNE • Muon Program will be presented by Peter Winter Maury Goodman DOE Intensity Review

3. The Intensity Frontier Group Maury Goodman

4. Members of the Intensity Group ANL Full time staff Maury Goodman (Group Leader) Richard Talaga Steve Magill ZelimirDjurcic* Jonathan Paley* Peter Winter* * The Intensity Frontier Leaders of the near Future: Maury Goodman

5. Postdocs & where they came from Current Postdocs (May 2013) HimansooSahoo Belle (Energy) Lisa Goodenough Dark Matter (Cosmic) IonnaAnghel (joint with Iowa State) CMS (Energy) Louise Suter D-zero (Energy) Other Recent postdocs: Michelangelo D’Agostino, Ice-cube (Cosmic) Sarah Budd CDF (Energy) Xiaobo Huang g-2 (Intensity) Matt Wettstein CDF (Energy) Maury Goodman

6. Enabling & Leverage 1 In Addition: faculty & retired Mayly SanchezJoint Appointment, Iowa State MINOS, NOnA, LBNE ** Presidential (PECASE) winner!!! ++ her postdocs and students at ANL: Kutnik, Davies, Miller, Quiroz, Knief, Mur, … Phil Schreiner STA (was Benedictine)MINOS Tom Fields STA MINOS Dave Ayres STA MINOS, NOnA Paul Bloom Faculty from North Central College NOnA Leon Ely Faculty from Chicago State Sarah Budd Faculty with Winona State University bringing two students to ANL this summer MINOS, NOnA Aaron McGowan Faculty from St. John Fisher College MINOS, NOnA Maury Goodman

7. Enabling & Leverage 2 Students & teachers since 2009 (not counting Iowa State & Winona) Ryan Murphy (SULI) North Central College LBNE Wesley Beck Illinois Math and Science Academy LBNE Sagar Punhani Illinois Math and Science Academy LBNE Andrew Makar (Summer) University of Illinois Chicago NOnA Guang Yang (Ph.D.) Illinois Institute of Technology Double Chooz /Zelimir Djurcic Vijay Jampani (SULI) India Double Chooz Jacob Zettlemeyer (SULI) Drexel Double Chooz Elianna Bier (SULI) Hamlin, Minnesota NOnA Enrique Arietta Diaz (Ph.D.) Michigan State NOnA/Jon Paley Travis Mui Illinois Math and Science Academy MINOS Iris Liu Illinois Math and Science Academy MINOS Mohammed Hayat Illinois Math and Science Academy NOnA Jacob Frumkin High School NOnA Jose Andres Sepulveda (Ph.D.) Iowa State NOnA/Jon Paley Sarah Mancina University of Chicago NOnA Ayesha Rizvi University of Florida Double Chooz Amber Kraus High School Teacher NOnA Maury Goodman

8. Enabling & Leverage 3 In Addition: Special Relationships with collaborators Drexel, Hawaii, IIT, Davis Double Chooz Indiana, Davis LBNE Minnesota, Tufts MINOS India (TIFR, HRI, IMSC) neutrinos A Latin American Connection Members from Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Mexico Ricardo Gomes (Goias/Brazil) spending 2013 Fulbright at ANL LBNE, NOnA, MINOS Support for Jon Paley to visit Brazil from US & Brazil APS Support for Maury Goodman as a distinguished visiting scholar - CAPES –Brazil (2013-2015) LBNE, NOnA, MINOS Goias postdoc Cesar Castromonte (2013) at ANL MINOS Goias student Stefano Tognini (2014) at ANL NOnA, MINOS Maury Goodman

9. Resources In Addition ANL technical support: Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Support Electrical Engineering Electrical Support Computing Dynamic opportunities and resources throughout the lab Maury Goodman

10. The previous Neutrino Experimental Program ACTIVE in the Neutrino Community Long-Baseline Newsletter Neutrino Oscillation Industry Website Particle Data Group (Neutrino) Legacy work on MiniBooNE, MIPP, Ice-Cube Contribute to Intensity Frontier Workshop Help organize Neutrino 2010; NuFACT 2012, International Neutrino Summer School Bid for Neutrino 2020 Paper Reviewer PRL, PRD, NIM, EPL, MPA ANL on Executive Committee of all 4 collaborations! MINOS NOnA q13 Double Chooz LBNE Maury Goodman

11. The future Neutrino Experimental Program ANL on Executive Committee of all 4 collaborations! MINOS NOnA ? d, hierarchy Double Chooz LBNE Maury Goodman

12. MINOS Maury Goodman

13. MINOS 1987-2012 • FNAL-Soudan Conceived at ANL 1987 • 1991 DOE review of ANL-HEP, “Long-Baseline is an unlikely long-shot” John O’Fallon • 15.6 1020 pot (2005-2012) at end • Measured oscillation parameters • Approaching 50 published papers • ANL has been involved in every aspect of MINOS over the years Maury Goodman

14. MINOS highlights and plans past • Earliest indication nonzero q13 • Best measurement of Dm232 • d(Dm232) ~ Dm221 ! • Only high statistics measurement of antineutrino oscillations • Limits on sterile ns, Lorentz violation • Many results from cosmic rays • Calibration • n velocity Still working on • More accurate atmospheric m+/m- • Maintain ND electronics • Understand atmospheric n mass hierarchy sensitivity • Global fits – increase accuracy Maury Goodman

15. Double Chooz Maury Goodman

16. Double Chooz • First of three reactor n experiments to measure q13. • Argonne Interests: • Background - Are backgrounds low enough to justify a larger reactor neutrino experiment for q13 if needed? • Answer – not needed • Calibration; We (Djurcic et al.) designed & constructed Z-axis system; articulated arm; Planned deployment, analyzed • Comment – These elements are crucial for a future reactor experiment for mass hierarchy, e.g. Daya Bay 2. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

17. Off!-Off! Maury Goodman

18. Double Chooz results • ANL Led calibration efforts (Djurcic) • Hardware (D’Agostino, Reichenbacher) • Deployment (Goodenough) • Analysis (Djurcic) • Second paper written at ANL (Goodman) • Sin2(2q13) = 0.109  0.039 • Only result so far which fits E distribution • Only result so far using g-catcher target • Both reactors off! Muon simulation paper (Goodenough) • Best calibration (so far); lessons for Daya Bay 2? • Unique reactor understanding • Reactor n anomaly? • Finish & calibrate near detector Maury Goodman

19. Double Chooz Ph.D. student Guang Yang (ANL advisor: ZelimirDjurcic IIT advisor: Dan Kaplan) Double Chooz thesis by 2015 on: • Detection e Analysis using deployed 252Cf radioactive sources. • Energy Scale systematics studies using radioactive sources, spallation neutrons, and radioactivity. • Radioactive background characterization: spatial & time distribution, and use in energy scale and e analysis. • Use LED flusher to determine linearity of detector response from low (~1 MeV) to higher (~100 MeV) E. • Implement above results in Double Chooz energy scale and oscillation analysis improvements. • Thesis topic selected to reflect ANL strengths and address issues in detection of reactor anti-neutrinos relevant to future short-baseline (reactor anomaly studies) and long-baseline reactor anti-neutrino experiments. (example: Daya Bay II) Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

20. NOnA accomplishments Maury Goodman

21. NOnA Hardware • Detector Assembly Procedures and Equipment • NOnA assembly equipment development and prototype detector assembly • V. Guarino L3 manager for assembly equipment. • With the exception of the Block-Pivoter (FNAL) and Module Assembly (UMN), all other assembly techniques and equipment were developed at Argonne. • R. Talaga Level 2 manager and CAM for PVC extrusion production, a $26M (FY07) task • Manages a team of engineers, scientists and technical experts at Argonne and Fermilab and work with industrial partners to fabricate the backbone of the NOnA experiment: mechanically strong PVC-based extrusions with a unique formulation designed for high internal reflectivity of scintillation light. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

22. NOnA extrusions Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

23. NOnA Accomplishments Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

24. LBNE accomplishments Maury Goodman

25. LBNELong-Baseline Neutrino Experiment LBNE10 • Flagship of the U.S. Intensity Frontier • Collaboration Management • Developed veto counter option for 800’ Liquid Argon detector … • Cosmic Background Issues • Technology Decision/Reconfiguration Issues /CD1 documentation /Case Studies /Marx Committee/Executive Committee Retreats /Cost Calculations/… • The collaboration weathered the difficult technology decision and reconfiguration with no loss and it is still growing. In the Last 3 years Maury Goodman

26. NOnAplans Maury Goodman

27. NOnA Collaboration(147 shifters) Maury Goodman

28. NOnA Collaboration Organization NOnA Collaboration(147 shifters) Argonne roles Maury Goodman

29. Mn Hierarchy Comparisons - - Djurcic, Goodman, Paley DAQ - - Magill, Paley, Suter ne ID - - Djurcic, Magill, Sahoo, Sanchez, Talaga nm Reconstruction and Analysis - - Magill, Paley, Suter Cosmic BG - - Davies, Goodenough, Goodman Near Detector Installation - - Anghel, Goodenough, Magill, Paley, Sahoo, Suter Beam/Flux Simulation - - Anghel, Djurcic, Paley, Sahoo, Suter Database - - Paley, Suter Exotics - - Goodenough, Talaga Future ANL HEP tasks on NOnA Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

30. NOvA Plans, Run Coordination • Steve Magill will oversee the installation, as Jon Paley’s did for NDOS. • Commissioning of Far and Near Detectors • Perform checkouts of newly-installed hardware • Test and optimize new detector operating procedures • Help in optimization of DAQ and DCS (slow control) software • Data-checks on detector elements using cosmic rays and the NuMI beam • Produce performance reports for each commissioned detector element • These tasks are currently ongoing for the Far Detector and will start in fall 2013 for the Near Detector • NUMI beam data-taking (starting June 2013) • Start and maintain data-taking runs for the steadily-increasing number of commissioned detector elements in both Far and Near Detectors • Monitor hardware slow controls and detector environmental conditions • Perform real-time performance checks of data using a suite of monitoring and analysis software Maury Goodman

31. NOvA Plans, ne identification transverse shape rejects 65% π0 while retaining 90% e-. • A new technique (HMatrix) based on hit correlations in an EM shower ➜sensitive to e-/π0 separation • Developed (S. Magill) for ILC • Tested with NOνA reconstruction using single particle MC of 2 GeV • Developing a full particle flow method for NOνA event analysis. • Optimization of the HMatrix technique is the key element in the separation of νe events (electron ID) from background (π0s). • Use hit correlations based on data from e- test beam rather than MC. Maury Goodman

32. NOnA Plans, NDOS CC data • MSU Ph.D. “Lab Grad” Student E. Arrieta Diaz • Measure the inclusive cross section of nm C @ 2 GeV from the charged current interactions, using NOvANDOS. (Previous BNL measurements at 1 GeV and Deuterium target, and T2K measurement at ~1 GeV) • Data will use 2.787 × 1019 Protons On Target ~ 2000 nm candidates • Main tasks: • Charged current event selection criteria. • Neutral current background estimation. • Neutrino energy reconstruction and estimation. • Event selection efficiencies. • Systematic errors estimation. • Neutrino flux calculation. • Cross section calculation. Maury Goodman

33. NOnA PlansBeam, Flux, extrapolation black: all νe red: νe from μ+ blue: νe from K+ magenta: νe from KL • Z Djurcic – experience at measuring off-axis NuMI beam at MiniBooNE • Kaon contributions to beam ne may be constrained by MiniBooNE data and external hadron production data. • J. Paley – hadron production experience from MIPP • Use the NOnA near detector data to predict the flux that will be seen in the NOνA far detector. Framework uses the ratio of far to near detector events, energy migration matrices, efficiencies, and purities, as determined from MC, in combination with near detector data. Correlation between νe and νμ (produced along with μ) from π+ at NOnA Near Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

34. NOnA Plans, Beam simulations • NuMi Beam Simulation verification (e.g. G4NuMi, FLUKA). • Fit the neutrino flux to NOnA ND data and combine it with MINOS data and other experiments • Use hadron production results to constrain beam simulations wherever possible • Work with NuMI-X working group • Study the beam systematic uncertainties to the oscillation analyses • Develop a method to estimate the beam electron neutrino background • using hadron production (pion/kaon ratio) data to constrain this component • using fits of the neutrino spectrum to NOnA ND beam data as well as constraints from MINOS ND beam data Maury Goodman

35. NOnA Plans Cosmic ray Background to ne • Cosmic rays, most notably muons, are one of the backgrounds for the ne appearance signal in NOnA. The sensitivity of NOnA is limited by fluctuations in this background if it is not small. To date, an exhaustive study of the level of contamination in the Far Detector by CRs has not been done. • We are investigating the NDOS CR data in order to determine an estimate of the CR background at the Far Detector. • Tools for Far Detector data when CR data is available • Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo based studies • Methods • Scan NDOS cosmic data files using the Event Display • Apply various cuts to filter out uninteresting events. Cuts will include fiducial volume cuts, cuts on single-plane events, cuts requiring an EM shower... Other cuts are yet to be determined. • Address the problem of bad channels in the NDOS • Identify any remaining (i.e. interesting) events and determine if they contribute to the background Maury Goodman

36. LBNEplans Maury Goodman

37. Mn Hierarchy Comparisons - - Djurcic, Goodman, Paley Photon Detectors Hardware - - Guarino, Paley Photon Detectors Electronics - - Drake, Djurcic, Sahoo Cosmic BG - - Davies, Goodman, Goodenough, Magill DAQ - - Paley, Suter Offline Software - - Paley, Suter Collaboration Management - - Goodman, Young Future ANL tasks for LBNE Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

38. LBNE Plans, Photon Detector electronics • Features of the Electronics • Pulse shaping • Self-triggering • Dead-timeless digitization • Time-stamping • HV Control • Status: • Development of 1st prototype in progress – to support R&D efforts • Gary Drake and Zelimir Djurcic • Features of the Detector • Photo-detector will be Silicon Photo-multipliers (SiPM) • Reside in the cold volume • Front-End Electronics currently planned to be outside the cryostat • ~15 meter cables • Overall gain ~1E6 • Would like to measure single pe’s • Electronics to provide trigger for experiment Block Diagram Of Front-End Electronics

39. LBNE Laser work In addition we are developing schemes for a laser calibration of TPC and a potential use of an intense laser for a simultaneous calibration of charge (TPC) and light collection. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

40. LBNE Plans calibration for photon detectors Maury Goodman

41. LBNE Plans, DAQ • Use experience gained on MINOS & NOnA (J. Paley) • Online monitoring for the 35ton: integrated system capable of monitoring performance of DAQ, DCS and data coming off the detector in real-time. • Database management: create and maintain local, independent databases for DAQ (DCS). Manage backup and replication. Maury Goodman

42. LBNE Plans, Offline Software • A framework for LBNE now exists, but full simulations of neutrino events not yet done. • 35 ton prototype (Phase 2): • MC validation using LArSoft tools • Cosmic ray MC studies • Develop tools within LArSoft framework • Channel untangling (wire wrapping introduces ambiguities) • Track reconstruction (implementation of Kalman filter) • Efficiency studies • Develop a Database with a C++ interface: flexible, simple interface used by NOvA. Data compression via web-based service allows handling extremely large data sets for grid computing. Maury Goodman

43. LBNE Plans, Building Collaboration • Deputy Spokesperson (M. Goodman) & secretary (R. Young) • Manage collaboration meeting agendas • Manage collaboration lists • Author lists • Email distribution lists • Phone lists • Write and maintain charges for working groups • Direct new manpower to help the project and the collaboration working groups • Write and maintain by-laws • Write and maintain collaboration organization document • Point of contact with potential new collaborators in US and outside the US Maury Goodman

44. Beyond NOnA and LBNE? • The entire group is deeply involved in the Snowmass process, which is trying to identify other future projects for our field • The opportunities in the neutrino sector seem particularly open to new ideas and an abundance of new proposals. • Our planning has led us to reduce our involvement in Double Chooz and MINOS(+) and concentrate on the near term opportunities in NOnA and the long-term opportunities in LBNE. • Neverthless, we continue to imagine other ways to increase our understanding of the neutrino sector (Daya Bay 2?, EXO?...) If other parts of the intensity program seem appropriate, we will be there leading the way, as we did for MINOS, Double Chooz and NOnA. Maury Goodman

45. Summary Neutrino Questions within the 3 neutrino paradigm: • What is the quadrant of q23? • What is the mass hierarchy? • What is the mass scale? • Are n Dirac or Majorana? • What is d? • Can and should we measure qs and Dm2s more accurately? The neutrino sector has questions that can and will be answered in the next few years. The (hard working) ANL intensity group will be an important part of answering them. Maury Goodman

46. Backup & Answers to Questions Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

47. Spreadsheets: manpower is 1 grad student from MSU, 1 from ITT budgets have 0 grad students Report: page 29 clearly says ANL is "supporting" the MSU grad student, repeated on page 31 page 50 claims they have 3 graduate students currently Where is the list of graduate students they are currently mentoring with affiliations, expected graduation dates, and students expected to come on board in the next 3 years? Who is actually paying for these students? Are they being paid for by the universities but not accounted for under the university manpower? Is there "double-dipping" going on in claims of manpower for these grad students? It's impossible to tell from the information provided. There are three graduate students with current or future ANL support through M&S: Guang Yang from  IIT will finish in 2015 Enrique Arietta Diaz from MSU will finish in 2014 Jose Andres Sepulveda from Iowa State has been at ANL, but his support from ANL will start in September 2013. Tian Xin, another graduate student from Iowa State, is based at ANL with our group. We do not provide any M&S support. There is no double dipping. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

48. Why is there no participation in Double Chooz at all for either budget, and for the future research plan? DOE monitors have been discouraging significant future participation in Double Chooz. As a direct result of the 2013 sequestration, contributions to the operating funds for Double Chooz(which had been handled for all DOE groups by ANL) were retroactively withdrawn. One can debate the value or lack thereof of future data from Double Chooz after the near detector is installed. Nevertheless, we feel that support for the one graduate student, Guang Yang, supervised by ZelimirDjurcic, is required for the remainder of his graduate student career. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

49. They are finishing up MINOS analyses, why is there no manpower listed for that for the next 3 years? It still counts, and it still takes away from the resources for the other experiments The only continuing significant work on MINOS after October 2013 is being done by Phil Schreiner and Tom Fields, who are both “retired”, i.e. not getting paid. We previously chose not to participate in MINOS+, i.e. running MINOS with the NOnA Medium Energy beam. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review

50. If there is a budget cut, ANL will only reduce contributions to NOvA. Why? What exactly will be cut? The only difference in budget sheets is going from 3.86 permanent PhDs to 3.18. That isn't a reduction in savings, that's moving numbers around. The permanent PhDs are salaried and have to then be paid by some other source - but since nothing else is increased for the permanent PhDs to offset this, that means they must be working on things outside of HEP at ANL. Alternatively, there could be a furlough. I would appreciate clarification. No specific personnel decisions have been made for that scenario. Permanent Ph.Ds do move among the experimental programs within the division. For the two joint appointees, how much of their time is truly free for ANL, vs how much of their salary is paid by ANL? I cannot comment if it is appropriate for Sanchez to only put in 10% research on ANL activities if I don't know how much of her salary is covered by ANL. Postdoc IoanaAnghel works full time at ANL. Mayly Sanchez spends her summers and other occasional time at ANL. Maury Goodman - ANL DOE Intensity Review