Alcohol

1. Alcohol By: Mansell Spriggens Emily Latson Katheryn He

3. Sources • Sources: http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/alcohol.html • http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/alcohol • https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/laws/underage_drinking_laws.asp • http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/alcohols-effects-body

4. What is in a drug? What causes the intoxication (active chemicals)? • ALCOHOL CONTENT: Ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the only alcohol used in beverages, is produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits. Fermenting is a chemical process whereby yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the food, creating alcohol.

5. Stats • Fermented drinks, such as beer and wine, contain from 2% alcohol to 20% alcohol. Distilled drinks, or liquor, contain from 40% to 50% or more alcohol. The usual alcohol content for each is: • Beer 2–6% alcoholCider 4–8% alcoholWine 8–20% alcoholTequila 40% alcoholRum 40% or more alcoholBrandy 40% or more alcoholGin 40–47% alcoholWhiskey 40–50% alcoholVodka 40–50% alcoholLiqueurs 15–60% alcohol

6. How is it used /abused? • Alcohol is taken in by the body by drinking • Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream via small blood vessels in the walls of the stomach and small intestine. Within minutes of drinking alcohol, it travels from the stomach to the brain, where it quickly produces its effects, slowing the action of nerve cells.

8. Legal Consequences in Texas • Minors who purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, or consume alcoholic beverages, as well as minors who are intoxicated in public or misrepresent their age to obtain alcoholic beverages, face the following consequences: • Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine up to $500 • Alcohol awareness class • 8 to 40 hours community service • 30 to 180 days loss or denial of driver's license • If a minor is seventeen years of age or older and the violation is the third offense, the offense is punishable by a fine of $250 to $2,000, confinement in jail for up to 180 days or both, as well as automatic driver's license suspension. • A minor with previous alcohol-related convictions will have his or her driver's license suspended for one year if the minor does not attend alcohol awareness training that has been required by the judge.

9. Zero Tolerance • In Texas it is illegal for a person under 21 to operate a motor vehicle in a public place while having ANY detectable amount of alcohol in their system. On September 1, 2009, this law was expanded to include watercraft in addition to motor vehicles. • The consequences for the minor on the first offense of driving under the influence of alcohol: • Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine up to $500 • Attendance at an alcohol awareness class • 20 to 40 hours of mandatory community service • 60 days driver's license suspension. The minor would not be eligible for an occupational license for the first 30 days. • A second offense increases the consequences to: • Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine up to $500 • Attendance at an alcohol awareness class at the judge's discretion • 40 to 60 hours of mandatory community service • 120 days driver's license suspension. The minor would not be eligible for an occupational license for the first 90 days. • A third offense is not eligible for deferred adjudication. The minor's driver's license is suspended for 180 days and an occupational license may not be obtained for the entire suspension period. If the minor is 17 years of age or older, the fine increases to $500 to $2,000, confinement in jail for up to 180 days, or both. • VIDEO CLIP: https://www.tabc.state.tx.us/video/ZeroToler.wmv

10. Alcohol Effect on the Body • Brain:Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination.  

11. Alcohol Effect on the Body • Heart:Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including: • Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle • Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat • Stroke • High blood pressure  

12. Alcohol Effect on the Body • Liver:Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including: • Steatosis, or fatty liver • Alcoholic hepatitis • Fibrosis • Cirrhosis

13. How is alcohol administered? • How administered • You can administer the drug through your body by drinking it, or by injecting it into the body. When you drink beverage alcohol around 2 to 8 percent is lost through urine, sweat, or the breath. The other 92 to 98 percent is metabolized by your body.

14. Short and long term effects of using the drug? • While drinking alcohol is itself not necessarily a problem – drinking too much can cause a range of consequences, and increase your risk for a variety of problems. • Consequences of drinking too muchAlcohol enters your bloodstream as soon as you take your first sip. Alcohol’s immediate effects can appear within about 10 minutes. • short term- depending on how much alcohol is consumed it can cause: slurred speech,drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, an upset stomach, headaches, breathing difficulties, distorted vision and hearing,impairedjudgement, decreased perception and coordination, unconsciousness, anemia ,coma, and blackouts • long term- Binge drinking and continued alcohol use in large amounts are associated with many health problems, including: Unintentional injuries such as car crash, falls, burns, drowning, Intentional injuries such as firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence, Increased on-the-job injuries and loss of productivity, Increased family problems, broken relationships, Alcohol poisoning, High blood pressure, stroke, and other heart-related diseases, Liver disease,nerve damage, Sexual problems, Permanent damage to the brain, Vitamin B1 deficiency, which can lead to a disorder characterized by amnesia, apathy and disorientation, Ulcers, Gastritis (inflammation of stomach walls), Malnutrition, and Cancer of the mouth and throat

15. dependence- Serious dependence on alcohol can lead to life-threatening withdrawal symptoms including convulsions, starting eight to twelve hours after the last drink. The delirium tremens begins three to four days later where the person becomes extremely agitated, shakes, hallucinates and loses touch with reality. • withdraws- withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after drinking for a long period of time. • family issues- sometimes when the abuser becomes drunk he/she will have anger issues and scare or sometimes even abuse the other members of their family • how its grown or made- ethanol is the only alcohol used in beverages, it is produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits. Fermentation is a chemical process where yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the fruits or grains creating alcohol.

16. How is Alcohol Manufactured? • Alcohol, also known as ethanol, is made through a process called fermentation. During fermentation, yeast breaks sugar down into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is done without any air present and once complete, the carbon dioxide gas bubbles out into the air, leaving ethanol and water behind. • Video Clip: www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRe8c0FmHYw

17. QUIZ TIME !!!

18. 1) What is the the only alcohol used in beverages??? • A. Butanol • B. Methanol • C. Ethanol • D. Ethane

19. True of False? • Fermenting is a chemical process whereby yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the food, creating alcohol.

20. 3 What is Arrhythmias? • A High Blood Pressure • B Irregular heart beat • C Lose of eyesight • D Stretching and drooping of heart muscle

21. True or False • Alcohol enters your bloodstream 10 minutes after you take your first sip.

22. True or False • Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination.